Pathways

Olanzapine is a thienobenzodiazepine that is an atypical antipsychotic drug, as it has a reduced risk for off-target side effects and improved efficacy than typical or first-generation antipsychotic drugs. Olanzapine is commonly used to manage schizophrenia, bipolar 1 disorder, and other related symptoms associated with these disorders. Olanzapine is normally administered orally but can be injected intramuscularly, and can be used in combination with lithium or valproate for treatment specifically the short-term treatment of acute manic episodes of bipolar 1 disorder in adults. Olanzapine acts on multiple neuronal receptors as an antagonist, the receptors it acts on include dopamine receptors D1, D2, D3, and D4 in the brain, serotonin receptors 5HT2A, 5HT2C, 5HT3 and 5HT6, alpha 1 adrenergic receptor, histamine receptor H1 and multiple muscarinic receptors. Due to its ability to act on a variety of receptors, it has a wide range of targets and effects. It has an affinity for D2 receptors and will compete to bind with dopamine, causing a decrease in potential action at the post synaptic receptor. Olanzapine is taken daily and reaches steady state concentration in a week and will not exceed 150ng/ml in plasma concentration after this. Hepatic metabolism breaks down 40% of the administered dose, CYP1A2 breaks down olanzapine into clinically inactive forms and CYP2D6 breaks down olanzapine into active metabolites. It is eliminated by hepatic metabolism mainly, with the rest of the drug excreted through urine and feces. Some side effects of olanzapine include somnolence, pupil dilation, blurred vision, respiratory depression, hypotension, motor symptoms, and anticholinergic effects. Food consumption does not affect absorption of Olanzapine, and avoid alcohol as it may cause adverse effects in the central nervous system and hypotension.

Olanzapine is an atypical (second-generation) antipsychotic that exerts its action primarily on dopamine and serotonin receptors. It works on dopamine D2 receptors in the mesolimbic pathway as an antagonist, blocking dopamine from potential action at the post-synaptic receptor. Olanzapine binds loosely to the receptor and dissociates easily, allowing for normal dopamine neurotransmission.The effect on the D2 receptors leads to a decrease in positive symptoms in patients, including hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech, thought, and behavior. Olanzapine works similarly on serotonin 5HT2A receptors in the frontal cortex as an antagonist. The effect of olanzapine on serotonin decreases negative symptoms, including anhedonia, flat affect, alogia, avolition, and poor attention.

Metabolites of Olaparib are predicted with biotransformer.

Atorvastatin is a medication used to lower “bad cholesterol.” It is commonly sold as Lipitor. It is part of the drug class called “statins.” Having high levels of “bad cholesterol” can lead to heart attack or stroke, and is usually caused by poor dietary habits. Atorvastatin works by inhibiting the production of cholesterol that is created in the liver. It inhibits an enzyme called hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. This enzyme is responsible for converting HMG-CoA into mevalonic acid. This conversion is one of the reactions in the chain of reactions that metabolizes lipids and transports lipids. This drug was approved by the FDA in 1996.

old model of cco1 for group meeting

The process of oleic acid B-oxidation starts with a 2-trans,5-cis-tetradecadienoyl-CoA that can be either be processed by an enoyl-CoA hydratase by interacting with a water molecules resulting in a 3-hydroxy-5-cis-tetradecenoyl-CoA, which can be oxidized in the fatty acid beta-oxidation. On the other hand 2-trans,5-cis-tetradecadienoyl-CoA can become a 3-trans,5-cis-tetradecadienoyl-CoA through a isomerase. This results interact with a water molecule through a acyl-CoA thioesterase resulting in a hydrogen ion, a coenzyme A and a 3,5-tetradecadienoate

The process of oleic acid B-oxidation starts with a 2-trans,5-cis-tetradecadienoyl-CoA that can be either be processed by an enoyl-CoA hydratase by interacting with a water molecules resulting in a 3-hydroxy-5-cis-tetradecenoyl-CoA, which can be oxidized in the fatty acid beta-oxidation. On the other hand 2-trans,5-cis-tetradecadienoyl-CoA can become a 3-trans,5-cis-tetradecadienoyl-CoA through a isomerase. This results interact with a water molecule through a acyl-CoA thioesterase resulting in a hydrogen ion, a coenzyme A and a 3,5-tetradecadienoate