PathWhiz

PathWhiz ID	Pathway	Meta Data
PW128090 View Pathway	drug action Triflupromazine Mechanism of Action Action Pathway Homo sapiens Triflupromazine is a member of a class of drugs called phenothiazines, which are dopamine D1/D2 receptor antagonists. Triflupromazine is used particularly to control violent behavior during acute episodes of psychotic disorders. It can also be used to control severe nausea and vomiting, severe hiccups, and moderate to severe pain in some hospitalized patients. Triflupromazine acts on the central nervous system. The mechanism of the anti-emetic effect is due predominantly to blockage of the dopamine D2 neurotransmitter receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and vomiting centre. Triflupromazine blocks the neurotransmitter dopamine and the vagus nerve in the gastrointestinal tract. Triflupromazine also binds the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M1 and M2) and the tryptamine D receptors (5HT2B). Dopamine hypothesis states that dopamine abnormalities in the mesolimbic and prefrontal brain regions exist in schizophrenia. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Omolola Created On: July 17, 2023 at 10:54 Last Updated: July 17, 2023 at 10:54
PW128151 View Pathway	drug action Triflupromazine Serotonin Antagonist Action Pathway Homo sapiens Triflupromazine is a member of a class of drugs called phenothiazines, which are dopamine D1/D2 receptor antagonists. Triflupromazine is used particularly to control violent behavior during acute episodes of psychotic disorders. It can also be used to control severe nausea and vomiting, severe hiccups, and moderate to severe pain in some hospitalized patients. Triflupromazine acts on the central nervous system. The mechanism of the anti-emetic effect is due predominantly to blockage of the dopamine D2 neurotransmitter receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and vomiting centre. Triflupromazine blocks the neurotransmitter dopamine and the vagus nerve in the gastrointestinal tract. Triflupromazine also binds the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M1 and M2) and the tryptamine D receptors (5HT2B). Dopamine hypothesis states that dopamine abnormalities in the mesolimbic and prefrontal brain regions exist in schizophrenia. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Omolola Created On: July 25, 2023 at 15:34 Last Updated: July 25, 2023 at 15:34
PW127471 View Pathway	drug action Trifluridine Action Pathway Homo sapiens Trifluridine is a fluorinated pyrimidine nucleoside that is structurally related to idoxuridine and an active antiviral agent in ophthalmic solutions that is mainly used in the treatment of primary keratoxonjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to herpes simplex virus. It displays effective antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2. The mechanism of action of trifluridine as an antiviral agent has not been fully elucidated, but appears to involve the inhibition of viral replication. Trifluridine gets incorporated into viral DNA during replication in replacement of thymidine, which leads to the formation of defective proteins and an increased mutation rate. Less Viral DNA is transported into the nucleus, therefore, less viral DNA is integrated into the host DNA. Less viral proteins produced, fewer viruses can form. Trifluridine also mediates antineoplastic activities via this mechanism; following uptake into cancer cells, trifluridine is rapidly phosphorylated by thymidine kinase to its active monophosphate form. It is further phosphorylated into trifluridine triphosphate, which is readily incorporated into the DNA of tumour cells in place of thymidine bases to perturb DNA function, DNA synthesis, and tumour cell proliferation. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: March 07, 2023 at 14:17 Last Updated: March 07, 2023 at 14:17
PW144557 View Pathway	drug action Trifluridine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 13:53 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 13:53
PW176178 View Pathway	metabolic Trifluridine Predicted Metabolism Pathway new Homo sapiens Metabolites of Trifluridine are predicted with biotransformer. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Omolola Created On: November 30, 2023 at 10:11 Last Updated: November 30, 2023 at 10:11
PW128148 View Pathway	drug action Triflusal Action Pathway Homo sapiens Triflusal is a 2-acetoxy-4-trifluorobenzoic acid chemically related to acetylsalicylic acid. This drug has antithrombotic effects by inhibiting irreversibly the cycloxygenase-1 (COX-1) in the platelets. It is indicated as prophylaxis of thromboembolic disorders (prevention of strokes and myocardial infarction). Trifusal binds to the prostaglandin G/H synthase 1, this inhibits the production of thromboxane-B2 in cells. It also acts on many other cellular targets like NF kappa B, which is a gene expression regulatory factor for cycloxygenase-a and cytokines. In addition, this drug induces the production of nitric oxide by binding as an agonist to the nitric oxide synthase. The high level of nitric oxide results in vasodilatation. Trifusal is administered as an oral tablet. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Daphnee Created On: July 25, 2023 at 10:51 Last Updated: July 25, 2023 at 10:51
PW128147 View Pathway	drug action Triflusal Action Pathway (new) Homo sapiens Triflusal is a chemically related molecule similar to aspirin, used to treat thromboembolic diseases due to the antithrombotic effects. Triflusal is administered orally and acts as an antithrombotic anticoagulant that irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase-1(COX-1) also known as prostaglandin g/h synthase 1. By inhibiting COX-1 this prevents the formation of thromboxane B2 in platelets, unlike aspirin, it does not act on arachidonic acid in endothelial cells. The drug is metabolized into 2-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethyl benzoic acid, which also appears to have antiplatelet properties. Due to the anticoagulant and antiplatelet nature, herbs and supplements with similar activity should be avoided such as garlic, ginger, bilberry, danshen, piracetam and ginkgo biloba. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Selena Created On: July 25, 2023 at 10:28 Last Updated: July 25, 2023 at 10:28
PW145839 View Pathway	drug action Triflusal Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 16:47 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 16:47
PW121865 View Pathway	disease Trifunctional Protein Deficiency Mus musculus Trifunctional protein deficiency is a condition caused by mutations in the genes HADHA and HADHB. The enzyme affected is required to metabolize long-chain fatty acids, which makes a patients ability to convert fats to energy very difficult. This is exacerbated by periods without food. The symptoms associated with this disorder differ depending on when they appear in a patient. In infancy, symptoms would include lethargy, hypoglycaemia and hypotonia. Infants are also at higher risk for sudden death and heart problems. Later onset trifunctional protein deficiency symptoms also include hypotonia, but also include breakdown of muscle tissue and peripheral neuropathy. Treatment includes a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet and avoiding fasting, as this can induce symptoms of this condition. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: September 10, 2018 at 15:50 Last Updated: September 10, 2018 at 15:50
PW122089 View Pathway	disease Trifunctional Protein Deficiency Rattus norvegicus Trifunctional protein deficiency is a condition caused by mutations in the genes HADHA and HADHB. The enzyme affected is required to metabolize long-chain fatty acids, which makes a patients ability to convert fats to energy very difficult. This is exacerbated by periods without food. The symptoms associated with this disorder differ depending on when they appear in a patient. In infancy, symptoms would include lethargy, hypoglycaemia and hypotonia. Infants are also at higher risk for sudden death and heart problems. Later onset trifunctional protein deficiency symptoms also include hypotonia, but also include breakdown of muscle tissue and peripheral neuropathy. Treatment includes a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet and avoiding fasting, as this can induce symptoms of this condition. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: September 10, 2018 at 15:52 Last Updated: September 10, 2018 at 15:52