Browsing Pathways

Aceprometazine is a is a drug with neuroleptic and anti-histamine properties. Although not widely prescribed, it is used in combination with meprobamate for the treatment of sleep disorders in France under the trade name Mepronizine. Aceprometazine, acting as an H1-receptor antagonist can induce sedation by being able to cross the blood-brain-barrier and binding to H1-receptors in the central nervous system. H1-antihistamines interfere with the agonist action of histamine at the H1 receptor and are administered to attenuate inflammatory process in order to treat conditions such as allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and urticaria. H1-antihistamines act on H1 receptors in T-cells to inhibit the immune response, in blood vessels to constrict dilated blood vessels, and in smooth muscles of lungs and intestines to relax those muscles. Allergies causes blood vessel dilation which causes swelling (edema) and fluid leakage.

Aceprometazine is a is a drug with neuroleptic and anti-histamine properties. Although not widely prescribed, it is used in combination with meprobamate for the treatment of sleep disorders in France under the trade name Mepronizine. Aceprometazine, acting as an H1-receptor antagonist can induce sedation by being able to cross the blood-brain-barrier and binding to H1-receptors in the central nervous system.

Aceprometazine is a is a drug with neuroleptic and anti-histamine properties. Although not widely prescribed, it is used in combination with meprobamate for the treatment of sleep disorders in France under the trade name Mepronizine. Aceprometazine, acting as an H1-receptor antagonist can induce sedation by being able to cross the blood-brain-barrier and binding to H1-receptors in the central nervous system. H1-antihistamines interfere with the agonist action of histamine at the H1 receptor and are administered to attenuate inflammatory process in order to treat conditions such as allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and urticaria. H1-antihistamines act on H1 receptors in T-cells to inhibit the immune response, in blood vessels to constrict dilated blood vessels, and in smooth muscles of lungs and intestines to relax those muscles. Allergies causes blood vessel dilation which causes swelling (edema) and fluid leakage.

Acetaminophen (also named paracetamol or APAP) is not a Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, it still can be used to treat pain and fever. Acetaminophen can block prostaglandin synthesis by the action of inhibition of prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 and 2. Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 and 2 catalyze the arachidonic acid to prostaglandin G2, and also catalyze prostaglandin G2 to prostaglandin H2 in the metabolism pathway. Decreased prostaglandin synthesis in many animal model's cell is caused by presence of acetaminophen.

Acetaminophen is an oral/IV antipyretic and analgesic drug used to treat fevers and mild to moderate pain. Its exact mechanism is unknown but it is thought to target the cyclooxygenase pathway in the CNS (brain). It does not inhibit the cyclooxygenase pathway in peripheral tissues, an therefore, does not have any peripheral anti-inflammatory effect. The cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway begins in the cytosol with arachidonic acid being formed from membrane phospholipids via phospholipase A2. On the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, arachidonic acid is converted to prostaglandin G2 then to prostaglandin H2 using the enzymes prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 & 2 (COX-1 & COX-2). Prostaglandin H2 leads to the formation of thromboxane A2 (via thromboxane-A synthase), prostacyclin (via prostacyclin synthase) and prostaglandin E2 (via prostaglandin E synthase). Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is responsible for mediating pain and fever. Acetaminophen enters the cell through the solute carrier family 22-member 6 transporter and inhibits the COX-1 & COX-2 enzymes on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. This prevents the production of prostaglandin H2 from arachidonic acid, thereby lowering the concentration of prostaglandin E2 in the cell. Since PGE2 causes pain and fever, reduction of PGE2 would lessen fevers and increase threshold for pain sensation. There are very few side effects associated with acetaminophen, but some people may have allergic reactions which may include itching, rash, difficulty breathing and swelling of face, hands, throat or mouth.