
Loading Pathway...
Glycerolipid Metabolism
Glycerolipid Metabolism References
Lehninger, A.L. Lehninger principles of biochemistry (4th ed.) (2005). New York: W.H Freeman.
Salway, J.G. Metabolism at a glance (3rd ed.) (2004). Alden, Mass.: Blackwell Pub.
Vance, D.E., and Vance, J.E. Biochemistry of lipids, lipoproteins, and membranes (4th ed.) (2002) Amsterdam; Boston: Elsevier.
Zhang P, Reue K: Lipin proteins and glycerolipid metabolism: Roles at the ER membrane and beyond. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr. 2017 Sep;1859(9 Pt B):1583-1595. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.04.007. Epub 2017 Apr 11.
Kiessling V, Crane JM, Tamm LK: Transbilayer effects of raft-like lipid domains in asymmetric planar bilayers measured by single molecule tracking. Biophys J. 2006 Nov 1;91(9):3313-26. doi: 10.1529/biophysj.106.091421. Epub 2006 Aug 11.
Rusinol AE, Cui Z, Chen MH, Vance JE: A unique mitochondria-associated membrane fraction from rat liver has a high capacity for lipid synthesis and contains pre-Golgi secretory proteins including nascent lipoproteins. J Biol Chem. 1994 Nov 4;269(44):27494-502.
Nagle CA, An J, Shiota M, Torres TP, Cline GW, Liu ZX, Wang S, Catlin RL, Shulman GI, Newgard CB, Coleman RA: Hepatic overexpression of glycerol-sn-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1 in rats causes insulin resistance. J Biol Chem. 2007 May 18;282(20):14807-15. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M611550200. Epub 2007 Mar 27.
Helenius J, Ng DT, Marolda CL, Walter P, Valvano MA, Aebi M: Translocation of lipid-linked oligosaccharides across the ER membrane requires Rft1 protein. Nature. 2002 Jan 24;415(6870):447-50. doi: 10.1038/415447a.
Alaimo C, Catrein I, Morf L, Marolda CL, Callewaert N, Valvano MA, Feldman MF, Aebi M: Two distinct but interchangeable mechanisms for flipping of lipid-linked oligosaccharides. EMBO J. 2006 Mar 8;25(5):967-76. doi: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601024. Epub 2006 Feb 23.
van Meer G, Voelker DR, Feigenson GW: Membrane lipids: where they are and how they behave. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2008 Feb;9(2):112-24. doi: 10.1038/nrm2330.
Baumann NA, Sullivan DP, Ohvo-Rekila H, Simonot C, Pottekat A, Klaassen Z, Beh CT, Menon AK: Transport of newly synthesized sterol to the sterol-enriched plasma membrane occurs via nonvesicular equilibration. Biochemistry. 2005 Apr 19;44(15):5816-26. doi: 10.1021/bi048296z.
Sud M, Fahy E, Cotter D, Brown A, Dennis EA, Glass CK, Merrill AH Jr, Murphy RC, Raetz CR, Russell DW, Subramaniam S: LMSD: LIPID MAPS structure database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2007 Jan;35(Database issue):D527-32. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkl838. Epub 2006 Nov 10.
Henry SA, Kohlwein SD, Carman GM: Metabolism and regulation of glycerolipids in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics. 2012 Feb;190(2):317-49. doi: 10.1534/genetics.111.130286.
Oelkers P, Cromley D, Padamsee M, Billheimer JT, Sturley SL: The DGA1 gene determines a second triglyceride synthetic pathway in yeast. J Biol Chem. 2002 Mar 15;277(11):8877-81. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111646200. Epub 2001 Dec 18.
Gaspar ML, Hofbauer HF, Kohlwein SD, Henry SA: Coordination of storage lipid synthesis and membrane biogenesis: evidence for cross-talk between triacylglycerol metabolism and phosphatidylinositol synthesis. J Biol Chem. 2011 Jan 21;286(3):1696-708. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.172296. Epub 2010 Oct 23.
Gaspar ML, Aregullin MA, Jesch SA, Henry SA: Inositol induces a profound alteration in the pattern and rate of synthesis and turnover of membrane lipids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem. 2006 Aug 11;281(32):22773-85. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M603548200. Epub 2006 Jun 15.
Gaspar ML, Jesch SA, Viswanatha R, Antosh AL, Brown WJ, Kohlwein SD, Henry SA: A block in endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi trafficking inhibits phospholipid synthesis and induces neutral lipid accumulation. J Biol Chem. 2008 Sep 12;283(37):25735-51. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M802685200. Epub 2008 Jul 9.
Guo JH, Hexige S, Chen L, Zhou GJ, Wang X, Jiang JM, Kong YH, Ji GQ, Wu CQ, Zhao SY, Yu L: Isolation and characterization of the human D-glyceric acidemia related glycerate kinase gene GLYCTK1 and its alternatively splicing variant GLYCTK2. DNA Seq. 2006 Feb;17(1):1-7. doi: 10.1080/10425170500476665.
Sass JO, Fischer K, Wang R, Christensen E, Scholl-Burgi S, Chang R, Kapelari K, Walter M: D-glyceric aciduria is caused by genetic deficiency of D-glycerate kinase (GLYCTK). Hum Mutat. 2010 Dec;31(12):1280-5. doi: 10.1002/humu.21375. Epub 2010 Nov 9.
Wan D, Gong Y, Qin W, Zhang P, Li J, Wei L, Zhou X, Li H, Qiu X, Zhong F, He L, Yu J, Yao G, Jiang H, Qian L, Yu Y, Shu H, Chen X, Xu H, Guo M, Pan Z, Chen Y, Ge C, Yang S, Gu J: Large-scale cDNA transfection screening for genes related to cancer development and progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Nov 2;101(44):15724-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0404089101. Epub 2004 Oct 21.
Ferraretto A, Negri A, Giuliani A, De Grada L, Fuhrman Conti AM, Ronchi S: Aldose reductase is involved in long-term adaptation of EUE cells to hyperosmotic stress. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Feb 17;1175(3):283-8. doi: 10.1016/0167-4889(93)90218-e.
Morjana NA, Lyons C, Flynn TG: Aldose reductase from human psoas muscle. Affinity labeling of an active site lysine by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and pyridoxal 5'-diphospho-5'-adenosine. J Biol Chem. 1989 Feb 15;264(5):2912-9.
Bohren KM, Bullock B, Wermuth B, Gabbay KH: The aldo-keto reductase superfamily. cDNAs and deduced amino acid sequences of human aldehyde and aldose reductases. J Biol Chem. 1989 Jun 5;264(16):9547-51.
Guo W, Worley K, Adams V, Mason J, Sylvester-Jackson D, Zhang YH, Towbin JA, Fogt DD, Madu S, Wheeler DA, et al.: Genomic scanning for expressed sequences in Xp21 identifies the glycerol kinase gene. Nat Genet. 1993 Aug;4(4):367-72. doi: 10.1038/ng0893-367.
Sargent CA, Young C, Marsh S, Ferguson-Smith MA, Affara NA: The glycerol kinase gene family: structure of the Xp gene, and related intronless retroposons. Hum Mol Genet. 1994 Aug;3(8):1317-24. doi: 10.1093/hmg/3.8.1317.
Sargent CA, Kidd A, Moore S, Dean J, Besley GT, Affara NA: Five cases of isolated glycerol kinase deficiency, including two families: failure to find genotype:phenotype correlation. J Med Genet. 2000 Jun;37(6):434-41. doi: 10.1136/jmg.37.6.434.
Joshi M, Eagan J, Desai NK, Newton SA, Towne MC, Marinakis NS, Esteves KM, De Ferranti S, Bennett MJ, McIntyre A, Beggs AH, Berry GT, Agrawal PB: A compound heterozygous mutation in GPD1 causes hepatomegaly, steatohepatitis, and hypertriglyceridemia. Eur J Hum Genet. 2014 Oct;22(10):1229-32. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.8. Epub 2014 Feb 19.
Menaya J, Gonzalez-Manchon C, Parrilla R, Ayuso MS: Molecular cloning, sequencing and expression of a cDNA encoding a human liver NAD-dependent alpha-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995 May 17;1262(1):91-4. doi: 10.1016/0167-4781(95)00069-s.
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. doi: 10.1038/ng1285. Epub 2003 Dec 21.
Schaap D, de Widt J, van der Wal J, Vandekerckhove J, van Damme J, Gussow D, Ploegh HL, van Blitterswijk WJ, van der Bend RL: Purification, cDNA-cloning and expression of human diacylglycerol kinase. FEBS Lett. 1990 Nov 26;275(1-2):151-8. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(90)81461-v.
Scherer SE, Muzny DM, Buhay CJ, Chen R, Cree A, Ding Y, Dugan-Rocha S, Gill R, Gunaratne P, Harris RA, Hawes AC, Hernandez J, Hodgson AV, Hume J, Jackson A, Khan ZM, Kovar-Smith C, Lewis LR, Lozado RJ, Metzker ML, Milosavljevic A, Miner GR, Montgomery KT, Morgan MB, Nazareth LV, Scott G, Sodergren E, Song XZ, Steffen D, Lovering RC, Wheeler DA, Worley KC, Yuan Y, Zhang Z, Adams CQ, Ansari-Lari MA, Ayele M, Brown MJ, Chen G, Chen Z, Clerc-Blankenburg KP, Davis C, Delgado O, Dinh HH, Draper H, Gonzalez-Garay ML, Havlak P, Jackson LR, Jacob LS, Kelly SH, Li L, Li Z, Liu J, Liu W, Lu J, Maheshwari M, Nguyen BV, Okwuonu GO, Pasternak S, Perez LM, Plopper FJ, Santibanez J, Shen H, Tabor PE, Verduzco D, Waldron L, Wang Q, Williams GA, Zhang J, Zhou J, Allen CC, Amin AG, Anyalebechi V, Bailey M, Barbaria JA, Bimage KE, Bryant NP, Burch PE, Burkett CE, Burrell KL, Calderon E, Cardenas V, Carter K, Casias K, Cavazos I, Cavazos SR, Ceasar H, Chacko J, Chan SN, Chavez D, Christopoulos C, Chu J, Cockrell R, Cox CD, Dang M, Dathorne SR, David R, Davis CM, Davy-Carroll L, Deshazo DR, Donlin JE, D'Souza L, Eaves KA, Egan A, Emery-Cohen AJ, Escotto M, Flagg N, Forbes LD, Gabisi AM, Garza M, Hamilton C, Henderson N, Hernandez O, Hines S, Hogues ME, Huang M, Idlebird DG, Johnson R, Jolivet A, Jones S, Kagan R, King LM, Leal B, Lebow H, Lee S, LeVan JM, Lewis LC, London P, Lorensuhewa LM, Loulseged H, Lovett DA, Lucier A, Lucier RL, Ma J, Madu RC, Mapua P, Martindale AD, Martinez E, Massey E, Mawhiney S, Meador MG, Mendez S, Mercado C, Mercado IC, Merritt CE, Miner ZL, Minja E, Mitchell T, Mohabbat F, Mohabbat K, Montgomery B, Moore N, Morris S, Munidasa M, Ngo RN, Nguyen NB, Nickerson E, Nwaokelemeh OO, Nwokenkwo S, Obregon M, Oguh M, Oragunye N, Oviedo RJ, Parish BJ, Parker DN, Parrish J, Parks KL, Paul HA, Payton BA, Perez A, Perrin W, Pickens A, Primus EL, Pu LL, Puazo M, Quiles MM, Quiroz JB, Rabata D, Reeves K, Ruiz SJ, Shao H, Sisson I, Sonaike T, Sorelle RP, Sutton AE, Svatek AF, Svetz LA, Tamerisa KS, Taylor TR, Teague B, Thomas N, Thorn RD, Trejos ZY, Trevino BK, Ukegbu ON, Urban JB, Vasquez LI, Vera VA, Villasana DM, Wang L, Ward-Moore S, Warren JT, Wei X, White F, Williamson AL, Wleczyk R, Wooden HS, Wooden SH, Yen J, Yoon L, Yoon V, Zorrilla SE, Nelson D, Kucherlapati R, Weinstock G, Gibbs RA: The finished DNA sequence of human chromosome 12. Nature. 2006 Mar 16;440(7082):346-51. doi: 10.1038/nature04569.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. doi: 10.1101/gr.2596504.
Hsu LC, Chang WC, Shibuya A, Yoshida A: Human stomach aldehyde dehydrogenase cDNA and genomic cloning, primary structure, and expression in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1992 Feb 15;267(5):3030-7.
Hsu LC, Yoshida A: Human stomach aldehyde dehydrogenase, ALDH3. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1993;328:141-52. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2904-0_16.
Bechtel S, Rosenfelder H, Duda A, Schmidt CP, Ernst U, Wellenreuther R, Mehrle A, Schuster C, Bahr A, Blocker H, Heubner D, Hoerlein A, Michel G, Wedler H, Kohrer K, Ottenwalder B, Poustka A, Wiemann S, Schupp I: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium. BMC Genomics. 2007 Oct 31;8:399. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-399.
Deloukas P, Earthrowl ME, Grafham DV, Rubenfield M, French L, Steward CA, Sims SK, Jones MC, Searle S, Scott C, Howe K, Hunt SE, Andrews TD, Gilbert JG, Swarbreck D, Ashurst JL, Taylor A, Battles J, Bird CP, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ashwell RI, Ambrose KD, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Bates K, Beasley H, Bray-Allen S, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Cahill P, Camire D, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Corby N, Coulson A, Dhami P, Dutta I, Dunn M, Faulkner L, Frankish A, Frankland JA, Garner P, Garnett J, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Grocock R, Gustafson E, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart E, Heath PD, Ho TP, Hopkins B, Horne J, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Hynds C, Johnson C, Johnson D, Kana A, Kay M, Kimberley AM, Kershaw JK, Kokkinaki M, Laird GK, Lawlor S, Lee HM, Leongamornlert DA, Laird G, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, McLaren S, McLay KE, McMurray A, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Milne S, Nickerson T, Nguyen M, Overton-Larty E, Palmer SA, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phillimore B, Porter K, Rice CM, Rogosin A, Ross MT, Sarafidou T, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Skuce CD, Smith M, Standring L, Sycamore N, Tester J, Thorpe A, Torcasso W, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tsolas J, Wall M, Walsh J, Wang H, Weinstock K, West AP, Willey DL, Whitehead SL, Wilming L, Wray PW, Young L, Chen Y, Lovering RC, Moschonas NK, Siebert R, Fechtel K, Bentley D, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Doucette-Stamm L, Beck S, Smith DR, Rogers J: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10. Nature. 2004 May 27;429(6990):375-81. doi: 10.1038/nature02462.
Nagase T, Kikuno R, Nakayama M, Hirosawa M, Ohara O: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XVIII. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro. DNA Res. 2000 Aug 31;7(4):273-81. doi: 10.1093/dnares/7.4.271.
West J, Tompkins CK, Balantac N, Nudelman E, Meengs B, White T, Bursten S, Coleman J, Kumar A, Singer JW, Leung DW: Cloning and expression of two human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase cDNAs that enhance cytokine-induced signaling responses in cells. DNA Cell Biol. 1997 Jun;16(6):691-701. doi: 10.1089/dna.1997.16.691.
Stamps AC, Elmore MA, Hill ME, Kelly K, Makda AA, Finnen MJ: A human cDNA sequence with homology to non-mammalian lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases. Biochem J. 1997 Sep 1;326 ( Pt 2):455-61. doi: 10.1042/bj3260455.
Aguado B, Campbell RD: Characterization of a human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase that is encoded by a gene located in the class III region of the human major histocompatibility complex. J Biol Chem. 1998 Feb 13;273(7):4096-105. doi: 10.1074/jbc.273.7.4096.