Loading Pathway...
Error: Pathway image not found.
Hide
Pathway Description
Short-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (SCAD Deficiency)
Homo sapiens
Disease Pathway
Created: 2013-08-01
Last Updated: 2022-12-05
Short Chain Acyl CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (SCAD Deficiency) is caused by mutation in the gene encoding short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, an enzyme which normally breaks down short chain fatty acids. SCADD causes accumulation of ammonia in blood; butyrylcarnitine(C4) in plasma; adipic acid, butyrylglycine, ethylmalonic acid; hexanoylglycine and methylsuccinic acid in urine. Symptoms include hypoglycemia, hypotonia, microcephaly, failure to thrive, lactic acidosis, peripheral neuropathy, and vomiting.
References
Short-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (SCAD Deficiency) References
[Uniprot: P16219](http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P16219)
[OMIM: Entry 201470](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=201470)
Engelke, U., van der Graaf, M., Heerschap, A., Hoenderop, S., Moolenaar, S., Morava, E., Wevers, R. Handbook of 1H-NMR spectroscopy in inborn errors of metabolism: body fluid NMR spectroscopy and in vivo MR spectroscopy (2nd ed) (2007) p.93 Heilbronn: SPS Verlagsgesellschaft
Amendt BA, Freneaux E, Reece C, Wood PA, Rhead WJ: Short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase activity, antigen, and biosynthesis are absent in the BALB/cByJ mouse. Pediatr Res. 1992 Jun;31(6):552-6. doi: 10.1203/00006450-199206000-00003.
Pubmed: 1635815
Bhala A, Willi SM, Rinaldo P, Bennett MJ, Schmidt-Sommerfeld E, Hale DE: Clinical and biochemical characterization of short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency. J Pediatr. 1995 Jun;126(6):910-5.
Pubmed: 7776094
Corydon MJ, Vockley J, Rinaldo P, Rhead WJ, Kjeldsen M, Winter V, Riggs C, Babovic-Vuksanovic D, Smeitink J, De Jong J, Levy H, Sewell AC, Roe C, Matern D, Dasouki M, Gregersen N: Role of common gene variations in the molecular pathogenesis of short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Pediatr Res. 2001 Jan;49(1):18-23. doi: 10.1203/00006450-200101000-00008.
Pubmed: 11134486
Naito E, Indo Y, Tanaka K: Short chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (SCAD) deficiency. Immunochemical demonstration of molecular heterogeneity due to variant SCAD with differing stability. J Clin Invest. 1989 Nov;84(5):1671-4. doi: 10.1172/JCI114346.
Pubmed: 2808706
Wolfe L, Jethva R, Oglesbee D, Vockley J: Short-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Pubmed: 21938826
Fatty Acid Metabolism References
Lehninger, A.L. Lehninger principles of biochemistry (4th ed.) (2005). New York: W.H Freeman.
Lodish, H. et al. Molecular cell biology. (2004) New York: W.H Freeman.
Salway, J.G. Metabolism at a glance (3rd ed.) (2004). Alden, Mass.: Blackwell Pub.
Vance, D.E., and Vance, J.E. Biochemistry of lipids, lipoproteins, and membranes (4th ed.) (2002) Amsterdam; Boston: Elsevier.
Wakil SJ, Abu-Elheiga LA: Fatty acid metabolism: target for metabolic syndrome. J Lipid Res. 2009 Apr;50 Suppl:S138-43. doi: 10.1194/jlr.R800079-JLR200. Epub 2008 Dec 1.
Pubmed: 19047759
Wataya K, Akanuma J, Cavadini P, Aoki Y, Kure S, Invernizzi F, Yoshida I, Kira J, Taroni F, Matsubara Y, Narisawa K: Two CPT2 mutations in three Japanese patients with carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency: functional analysis and association with polymorphic haplotypes and two clinical phenotypes. Hum Mutat. 1998;11(5):377-86. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1998)11:5<377::AID-HUMU5>3.0.CO;2-E.
Pubmed: 9600456
Finocchiaro G, Taroni F, Rocchi M, Martin AL, Colombo I, Tarelli GT, DiDonato S: cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, and chromosomal localization of the gene for human carnitine palmitoyltransferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jan 15;88(2):661-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.2.661.
Pubmed: 1988962
Finocchiaro G, Taroni F, Rocchi M, Liras Martin A, Colombo I, Tarelli GT, DiDonato S: cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, and chromosomal localization of human carnitine palmitoyltransferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Dec 1;88(23):10981. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.23.10981.
Pubmed: 1961767
Janssen U, Davis EM, Le Beau MM, Stoffel W: Human mitochondrial enoyl-CoA hydratase gene (ECHS1): structural organization and assignment to chromosome 10q26.2-q26.3. Genomics. 1997 Mar 15;40(3):470-5. doi: 10.1006/geno.1996.4597.
Pubmed: 9073515
Peters H, Buck N, Wanders R, Ruiter J, Waterham H, Koster J, Yaplito-Lee J, Ferdinandusse S, Pitt J: ECHS1 mutations in Leigh disease: a new inborn error of metabolism affecting valine metabolism. Brain. 2014 Nov;137(Pt 11):2903-8. doi: 10.1093/brain/awu216. Epub 2014 Aug 14.
Pubmed: 25125611
Haack TB, Jackson CB, Murayama K, Kremer LS, Schaller A, Kotzaeridou U, de Vries MC, Schottmann G, Santra S, Buchner B, Wieland T, Graf E, Freisinger P, Eggimann S, Ohtake A, Okazaki Y, Kohda M, Kishita Y, Tokuzawa Y, Sauer S, Memari Y, Kolb-Kokocinski A, Durbin R, Hasselmann O, Cremer K, Albrecht B, Wieczorek D, Engels H, Hahn D, Zink AM, Alston CL, Taylor RW, Rodenburg RJ, Trollmann R, Sperl W, Strom TM, Hoffmann GF, Mayr JA, Meitinger T, Bolognini R, Schuelke M, Nuoffer JM, Kolker S, Prokisch H, Klopstock T: Deficiency of ECHS1 causes mitochondrial encephalopathy with cardiac involvement. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2015 May;2(5):492-509. doi: 10.1002/acn3.189. Epub 2015 Mar 13.
Pubmed: 26000322
Kamijo T, Aoyama T, Komiyama A, Hashimoto T: Structural analysis of cDNAs for subunits of human mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation trifunctional protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Mar 15;199(2):818-25. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.1994.1302.
Pubmed: 8135828
Zhang QX, Baldwin GS: Structures of the human cDNA and gene encoding the 78 kDa gastrin-binding protein and of a related pseudogene. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Oct 18;1219(2):567-75. doi: 10.1016/0167-4781(94)90091-4.
Pubmed: 7918661
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. doi: 10.1038/ng1285. Epub 2003 Dec 21.
Pubmed: 14702039
Orii KE, Aoyama T, Wakui K, Fukushima Y, Miyajima H, Yamaguchi S, Orii T, Kondo N, Hashimoto T: Genomic and mutational analysis of the mitochondrial trifunctional protein beta-subunit (HADHB) gene in patients with trifunctional protein deficiency. Hum Mol Genet. 1997 Aug;6(8):1215-24. doi: 10.1093/hmg/6.8.1215.
Pubmed: 9259266
Abe H, Ohtake A, Yamamoto S, Satoh Y, Takayanagi M, Amaya Y, Takiguchi M, Sakuraba H, Suzuki Y, Mori M, et al.: Cloning and sequence analysis of a full length cDNA encoding human mitochondrial 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Nov 16;1216(2):304-6. doi: 10.1016/0167-4781(93)90160-f.
Pubmed: 8241273
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. doi: 10.1101/gr.2596504.
Pubmed: 15489334
Aboulaich N, Vainonen JP, Stralfors P, Vener AV: Vectorial proteomics reveal targeting, phosphorylation and specific fragmentation of polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) at the surface of caveolae in human adipocytes. Biochem J. 2004 Oct 15;383(Pt 2):237-48. doi: 10.1042/BJ20040647.
Pubmed: 15242332
Gobin S, Bonnefont JP, Prip-Buus C, Mugnier C, Ferrec M, Demaugre F, Saudubray JM, Rostane H, Djouadi F, Wilcox W, Cederbaum S, Haas R, Nyhan WL, Green A, Gray G, Girard J, Thuillier L: Organization of the human liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 gene ( CPT1A) and identification of novel mutations in hypoketotic hypoglycaemia. Hum Genet. 2002 Aug;111(2):179-89. doi: 10.1007/s00439-002-0752-0. Epub 2002 Jul 16.
Pubmed: 12189492
Britton CH, Schultz RA, Zhang B, Esser V, Foster DW, McGarry JD: Human liver mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase I: characterization of its cDNA and chromosomal localization and partial analysis of the gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Mar 14;92(6):1984-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.6.1984.
Pubmed: 7892212
Abe T, Fujino T, Fukuyama R, Minoshima S, Shimizu N, Toh H, Suzuki H, Yamamoto T: Human long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase: structure and chromosomal location. J Biochem. 1992 Jan;111(1):123-8. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a123707.
Pubmed: 1607358
Ghosh B, Barbosa E, Singh I: Molecular cloning and sequencing of human palmitoyl-CoA ligase and its tissue specific expression. Mol Cell Biochem. 1995 Oct 4;151(1):77-81. doi: 10.1007/bf01076899.
Pubmed: 8584017
Highlighted elements will appear in red.
Highlight Compounds
Highlight Proteins
Enter relative concentration values (without units). Elements will be highlighted in a color gradient where red = lowest concentration and green = highest concentration. For the best results, view the pathway in Black and White.
Visualize Compound Data
Visualize Protein Data
Downloads
Settings