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Alcohol
dehydrogenase
1A
Retinol
dehydrogenase
12
Dehydrogenase/reductase
SDR family
member 4
Retinol
dehydrogenase
16
Retinol
dehydrogenase 8
Short-chain
dehydrogenase/reductase
3
Dehydrogenase/reductase
SDR family
member 9
Retinol
dehydrogenase
11
Lecithin
retinol
acyltransferase
Acyl-CoA wax
alcohol
acyltransferase
1
Diacylglycerol
O-
acyltransferase
1
Retinoid
isomerohydrolase
Diacylglycerol
O-
acyltransferase
1
Acyl-CoA wax
alcohol
acyltransferase
1
Lecithin
retinol
acyltransferase
Retinol
dehydrogenase
11
Patatin-like
phospholipase
domain-
containing
protein 4
Beta,beta-
carotene
15,15'-
monooxygenase
Retinol
dehydrogenase
11
Retinol
dehydrogenase
11
Dehydrogenase/reductase
SDR family
member 4
Retinal
dehydrogenase 1
Retinal
dehydrogenase 2
Retinal
dehydrogenase 1
Retinal
dehydrogenase 2
Cytochrome P450
26A1
All-trans-
retinol
13,14-reductase
UDP-
glucuronosyltransferase
1-1
Cytochrome P450
26A1
Cytochrome P450
26A1
Cytochrome P450
26A1
Cytochrome P450
11-cis-Retinaldehyde
NAD
Dissipation
Retinal
NADH
NADP
NADPH
NADP
NADPH
NADP
NADPH
NADP
11-cis-Retinol
NADPH
PC(24:1(15Z)/15:0)
Retinyl palmitate
Glycerophosphocholine
Acetyl-CoA
CoA
Acetyl-CoA
CoA
Retinyl ester
H
2
O
Dissipation
Vitamin A
Acetyl-CoA
CoA
Acetyl-CoA
CoA
PC(24:1(15Z)/15:0)
Glycerophosphocholine
NADP
NADPH
DG(16:1(9Z)/22:0/0:0)
TG(16:1(9Z)/22:0/16:1(9Z))
9-cis-Retinol
B-Carotene
O
2
NADP
9-cis-Retinal
NADPH
NADP
NADPH
NADP
NADPH
NAD
H
2
O
9-cis-Retinoic acid
NADH
NAD
H
2
O
NADH
NAD
H
2
O
all-trans-Retinoic acid
NADH
NAD
H
2
O
NADH
4-Oxoretinol
All-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol
Retinoyl b-glucuronide
4-Hydroxyretinoic acid
4-oxo-Retinoic acid
all-trans-18-Hydroxyretinoic
acid
all-trans-5,6-Epoxyretinoic
acid
Zinc
NADP
NAD
NADP
NAD
Fe2+
Heme
Heme
Heme
Heme
Fatty Acid
Reduced
acceptor
Acceptor
Reduced
acceptor
Acceptor
Rhodopsin
Bathorodopsin
iodopsin
Lumirodopsin
Metarodopsin