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Pathway Description
Hereditary Coproporphyria (HCP)
Homo sapiens
Disease Pathway
Created: 2013-08-20
Last Updated: 2022-11-10
Hereditary coproporphyria (HCP) is a rare inborn error of metabolism (IEM) which arises from a defective gene called CPOX. This gene is responsible for mitochondrial coproporphyrinogen-III oxidase. A defect in this enzyme results in accumulation of the porphyrin precursors porphobilinogen and 5-aminolevulinic acid; increase of fecal and urinary excreation of coproporphyrins. Symptoms for this condition vary substantially, with anything from reddish-purple urine, to bouts of acute abdominal and nerve pain, to episodes of photosensitive skin eruptions so extreme that the induced scratching often leads to permanent scarring. At the present time the condition has no cure. The following are some measures which are designed to help prevent and/or regulate the above and more symptoms: a diet which is high in carbohydrates and sugars, and a balanced lifestyle which abstains from alcohol and drug use.
References
Hereditary Coproporphyria (HCP) References
[Uniprot: P36551](http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P36551)
[OMIM: Entry 121300](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=121300)
Andrews J, Erdjument H, Nicholson DC: Hereditary coproporphyria: incidence in a large English family. J Med Genet. 1984 Oct;21(5):341-9.
Pubmed: 6502649
Barohn RJ, Sanchez JA, Anderson KE: Acute peripheral neuropathy due to hereditary coproporphyria. Muscle Nerve. 1994 Jul;17(7):793-9. doi: 10.1002/mus.880170715.
Pubmed: 8008008
Gross U, Puy H, Meissauer U, Lamoril J, Deybach JC, Doss M, Nordmann Y, Doss MO: A molecular, enzymatic and clinical study in a family with hereditary coproporphyria. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2002 Aug;25(4):279-86.
Pubmed: 12227458
Lamoril J, Martasek P, Deybach JC, Da Silva V, Grandchamp B, Nordmann Y: A molecular defect in coproporphyrinogen oxidase gene causing harderoporphyria, a variant form of hereditary coproporphyria. Hum Mol Genet. 1995 Feb;4(2):275-8.
Pubmed: 7757079
Bissell DM, Wang B, Lai J: Hereditary Coproporphyria
Pubmed: 23236641
Porphyrin Metabolism References
Lehninger, A.L. Lehninger principles of biochemistry (4th ed.) (2005). New York: W.H Freeman.
Salway, J.G. Metabolism at a glance (3rd ed.) (2004). Alden, Mass.: Blackwell Pub.
Bishop DF: Two different genes encode delta-aminolevulinate synthase in humans: nucleotide sequences of cDNAs for the housekeeping and erythroid genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Dec 11;18(23):7187-8. doi: 10.1093/nar/18.23.7187.
Pubmed: 2263504
Bawden MJ, Borthwick IA, Healy HM, Morris CP, May BK, Elliott WH: Sequence of human 5-aminolevulinate synthase cDNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Oct 26;15(20):8563. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.20.8563.
Pubmed: 3671094
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Pubmed: 15489334
Zhao Y, Wang L, Shen HB, Wang ZX, Wei QY, Chen F: Association between delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) polymorphism and blood lead levels: a meta-regression analysis. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2007 Dec;70(23):1986-94. doi: 10.1080/15287390701550946.
Pubmed: 17966070
Wetmur JG, Kaya AH, Plewinska M, Desnick RJ: Molecular characterization of the human delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase 2 (ALAD2) allele: implications for molecular screening of individuals for genetic susceptibility to lead poisoning. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Oct;49(4):757-63.
Pubmed: 1716854
Wetmur JG, Bishop DF, Cantelmo C, Desnick RJ: Human delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase: nucleotide sequence of a full-length cDNA clone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Oct;83(20):7703-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.20.7703.
Pubmed: 3463993
Raich N, Romeo PH, Dubart A, Beaupain D, Cohen-Solal M, Goossens M: Molecular cloning and complete primary sequence of human erythrocyte porphobilinogen deaminase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Aug 11;14(15):5955-68. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.15.5955.
Pubmed: 2875434
Grandchamp B, De Verneuil H, Beaumont C, Chretien S, Walter O, Nordmann Y: Tissue-specific expression of porphobilinogen deaminase. Two isoenzymes from a single gene. Eur J Biochem. 1987 Jan 2;162(1):105-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb10548.x.
Pubmed: 3816774
Yoo HW, Warner CA, Chen CH, Desnick RJ: Hydroxymethylbilane synthase: complete genomic sequence and amplifiable polymorphisms in the human gene. Genomics. 1993 Jan;15(1):21-9. doi: 10.1006/geno.1993.1005.
Pubmed: 7916736
Tsai SF, Bishop DF, Desnick RJ: Human uroporphyrinogen III synthase: molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of a full-length cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Oct;85(19):7049-53. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.19.7049.
Pubmed: 3174619
Aizencang G, Solis C, Bishop DF, Warner C, Desnick RJ: Human uroporphyrinogen-III synthase: genomic organization, alternative promoters, and erythroid-specific expression. Genomics. 2000 Dec 1;70(2):223-31. doi: 10.1006/geno.2000.6373.
Pubmed: 11112350
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. doi: 10.1038/ng1285. Epub 2003 Dec 21.
Pubmed: 14702039
Moran-Jimenez MJ, Ged C, Romana M, Enriquez De Salamanca R, Taieb A, Topi G, D'Alessandro L, de Verneuil H: Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase: complete human gene sequence and molecular study of three families with hepatoerythropoietic porphyria. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 Apr;58(4):712-21.
Pubmed: 8644733
Romeo PH, Raich N, Dubart A, Beaupain D, Pryor M, Kushner J, Cohen-Solal M, Goossens M: Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a complete human uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase cDNA. J Biol Chem. 1986 Jul 25;261(21):9825-31.
Pubmed: 3015909
Delfau-Larue MH, Martasek P, Grandchamp B: Coproporphyrinogen oxidase: gene organization and description of a mutation leading to exon 6 skipping. Hum Mol Genet. 1994 Aug;3(8):1325-30. doi: 10.1093/hmg/3.8.1325.
Pubmed: 7987309
Puy H, Robreau AM, Rosipal R, Nordmann Y, Deybach JC: Protoporphyrinogen oxidase: complete genomic sequence and polymorphisms in the human gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 Sep 4;226(1):226-30. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.1996.1337.
Pubmed: 8806618
Whatley SD, Puy H, Morgan RR, Robreau AM, Roberts AG, Nordmann Y, Elder GH, Deybach JC: Variegate porphyria in Western Europe: identification of PPOX gene mutations in 104 families, extent of allelic heterogeneity, and absence of correlation between phenotype and type of mutation. Am J Hum Genet. 1999 Oct;65(4):984-94. doi: 10.1086/302586.
Pubmed: 10486317
Nishimura K, Taketani S, Inokuchi H: Cloning of a human cDNA for protoporphyrinogen oxidase by complementation in vivo of a hemG mutant of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1995 Apr 7;270(14):8076-80. doi: 10.1074/jbc.270.14.8076.
Pubmed: 7713909
Levi S, Corsi B, Bosisio M, Invernizzi R, Volz A, Sanford D, Arosio P, Drysdale J: A human mitochondrial ferritin encoded by an intronless gene. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jul 6;276(27):24437-40. doi: 10.1074/jbc.C100141200. Epub 2001 Apr 25.
Pubmed: 11323407
Langlois d'Estaintot B, Santambrogio P, Granier T, Gallois B, Chevalier JM, Precigoux G, Levi S, Arosio P: Crystal structure and biochemical properties of the human mitochondrial ferritin and its mutant Ser144Ala. J Mol Biol. 2004 Jul 2;340(2):277-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.04.036.
Pubmed: 15201052
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