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Pathway Description
Tay-Sachs Disease
Homo sapiens
Disease Pathway
Created: 2013-08-20
Last Updated: 2022-11-28
Tay-Sachs Disease (TSD; GM2-Gangliosidosis, type I; B-Variant GM2-Gangliosidosis; Hexosaminidase A Deficiency; HEXA Deficiency; Tay-Sachs Disease Variant B1), is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease. TSD is caused by a mutation in the alpha subunit of the hexosaminidase A gene (HEXA), which codes for the enzyme hexosaminidase A. HEXA degrades GM2 gangliosides and other molecules with terminal N-acetyl hexosamines in the brain and other tissues. A defect in this enzyme causes accumulation of oligosaccharides in urine. The most lethal variant of this disease is the classical infantile Tay-Sachs disease, in which children exhibit developmental retardation, dementia and blindness, finally ending in death by the second or third years. Tay-Sachs disease also has debilitating juvenile and adult forms. The majority of cases of TSD are found among (but not limited to) the Ashkenazi Jews and French Canadians in Eastern Quebec. Symptoms include ataxia, visual impairment and loss, cherry-red spot on retinal macula, dystosis multiplex, mental retardation, myoclonus, encephalopathy and psychosis.
References
Tay-Sachs Disease References
[OMIM: Entry 272800](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=272800)
Andermann E, Scriver CR, Wolfe LS, Dansky L, Andermann F: Genetic variants of Tay-Sachs disease: Tay-Sachs disease and Sandhoff's disease in French Canadians, juvenile Tay-Sachs disease in Lebanese Canadians, and a Tay-Sachs screening program in the French-Canadian population. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1977;18:161-88.
Pubmed: 601075
Gravel RA, Triggs-Raine BL, Mahuran DJ: Biochemistry and genetics of Tay-Sachs disease. Can J Neurol Sci. 1991 Aug;18(3 Suppl):419-23.
Pubmed: 1834320
Amino Sugar Metabolism References
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Pubmed: 16748597
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Pubmed: 14702039
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Pubmed: 16710414
Triggs-Raine BL, Akerman BR, Clarke JT, Gravel RA: Sequence of DNA flanking the exons of the HEXA gene, and identification of mutations in Tay-Sachs disease. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Nov;49(5):1041-54.
Pubmed: 1833974
Myerowitz R, Piekarz R, Neufeld EF, Shows TB, Suzuki K: Human beta-hexosaminidase alpha chain: coding sequence and homology with the beta chain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Dec;82(23):7830-4. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.23.7830.
Pubmed: 2933746
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Pubmed: 2952641
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Pubmed: 10824116
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Pubmed: 24698316
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