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Ca
+
Na
+
Ca
+
Ca
+
Na
+
K
+
K
+
Mu-type opioid
receptor
UDP-
glucuronosyltransferase
2B7
UDP-
glucuronosyltransferase
1-1
UDP-
glucuronosyltransferase
1-8
UDP-
glucuronosyltransferase
1-1
UDP-
glucuronosyltransferase
1-3
UDP-
glucuronosyltransferase
2B4
UDP-
glucuronosyltransferase
2B7
UDP-
glucuronosyltransferase
2B15
Alpha-1A
adrenergic
receptor
5-
hydroxytryptamine
receptor 1A
D(1A) dopamine
receptor
Beta-endorphin
Mu-type opioid
receptor
Neuronal
acetylcholine
receptor
subunit beta-2
Neuronal
acetylcholine
receptor
subunit beta-2
Neuronal
acetylcholine
receptor
subunit beta-2
Neuronal
acetylcholine
receptor
subunit alpha-4
Voltage-
dependent
P/Q-type
calcium channel
subunit
alpha-1A
Voltage-
dependent
L-type calcium
channel subunit
beta-1
Voltage-
dependent
calcium channel
subunit
alpha-2/delta-2
Potassium
voltage-gated
channel
subfamily D
member 2
Kv channel-
interacting
protein 2
Beta-endorphin
Glutamate
[NMDA] receptor
subunit zeta-1
Glutamate
[NMDA] receptor
subunit
epsilon-1
Glutamate
[NMDA] receptor
subunit 3A
Sodium-
dependent
noradrenaline
transporter
Sodium-
dependent
serotonin
transporter
Sodium-
dependent
dopamine
transporter
Pro-
opiomelanocortin
Neuroendocrine
convertase 2
Sodium/potassium-
transporting
ATPase subunit
alpha-1
Morphine
Morphine
Normorphine
Uridine
diphosphate
glucuronic acid
Morphine-3-glucuronide
Uridine
5'-diphosphate
Uridine
diphosphate
glucuronic acid
Morphine-6-glucuronide
Uridine
5'-diphosphate
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
Dopamine
Ca
+
Na
+
K
+
Ca
+
Ca
+
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
Na
+
Na
+
Na
+
Na
+
Dopamine
Na
+
Na
+
ATP
H
2
O
Na
+
K
+
ADP
P
i
Na
+
K
+
Sodium channel
protein type 10
subunit alpha
Neuronal
acetylcholine
receptor
subunit alpha-4
Sodium channel
subunit beta-1
Sodium/potassium-
transporting
ATPase subunit
alpha-3
Sodium/potassium-
transporting
ATPase subunit
beta-2
Sodium/potassium-
transporting
ATPase subunit
alpha-2
Sodium/potassium-
transporting
ATPase subunit
alpha-4
Sodium/potassium-
transporting
ATPase subunit
beta-1
Sodium/potassium-
transporting
ATPase subunit
gamma
Neuronal
acetylcholine
receptor
subunit alpha-4
Sodium/potassium-
transporting
ATPase subunit
beta-3
ATPase,
(Na+)/K+
transporting,
beta 4
polypeptide
Dendrite
Affected Organ
Symptom Relief
Synaptic Vesicle
Presynaptic Neuron
Postsynaptic Neuron
Synaptic Cleft
Neuron
Neuron Axon
Action Potential
Membrane Potential (mV)
Resting Potential
-70
Time
+40
0
Depolarization
Peak Action Potential
Repolarization
Hyperpolarization
Chloroplast
Chloroplast
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Calcium
Sodium
Calcium
Calcium
Sodium
Potassium
Potassium
OPRM1
UGT2B7
UGT1A1
UGT1A8
UGT1A1
UGT1A3
UGT2B4
UGT2B7
UGT2B15
ADRA1A
HTR1A
DRD1
Unknown
OPRM1
Unknown
Unknown