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Pathway Description
Spermidine and Spermine Biosynthesis
Homo sapiens
Metabolic Pathway
Created: 2013-08-01
Last Updated: 2023-10-12
The Spermidine and Spermine Biosynthesis pathway highlights the creation of these cruicial polyamines. Spermidine and spermine are produced in many tissues, as they are involved in the regulation of genetic processes from DNA synthesis to cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. These positiviely charged amines interact with negatively charged phosphates in nucleic acids to exert their regulatory effects on cellular processes. Spermidine originates from the action of spermidine synthase, which converts the methionine derivative S-adenosylmethionine and the ornithine derivative putrescine into spermidine 5'-methylthioadenosine. Spermidine is subsequently processed into spermine by spermine synthase in the presence of the aminopropyl donor, S-adenosylmethioninamine.
References
Spermidine and Spermine Biosynthesis References
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Pubmed: 11337507
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Pubmed: 2344393
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Pubmed: 2069720
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Pubmed: 16710414
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Pubmed: 14508504
Becerra-Solano LE, Butler J, Castaneda-Cisneros G, McCloskey DE, Wang X, Pegg AE, Schwartz CE, Sanchez-Corona J, Garcia-Ortiz JE: A missense mutation, p.V132G, in the X-linked spermine synthase gene (SMS) causes Snyder-Robinson syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 2009 Mar;149A(3):328-35. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32641.
Pubmed: 19206178
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Pubmed: 7546290
Hickok NJ, Seppanen PJ, Gunsalus GL, Janne OA: Complete amino acid sequence of human ornithine decarboxylase deduced from complementary DNA. DNA. 1987 Jun;6(3):179-87. doi: 10.1089/dna.1987.6.179.
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Fitzgerald MC, Flanagan MA: Characterization and sequence analysis of the human ornithine decarboxylase gene. DNA. 1989 Nov;8(9):623-34.
Pubmed: 2693021
van Steeg H, van Oostrom CT, Martens JW, van Kreyl C, Schepens J, Wieringa B: Nucleotide sequence of the human ornithine decarboxylase gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Nov 11;17(21):8855-6. doi: 10.1093/nar/17.21.8855.
Pubmed: 2587220
Stanley BA, Pegg AE, Holm I: Site of pyruvate formation and processing of mammalian S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme. J Biol Chem. 1989 Dec 15;264(35):21073-9.
Pubmed: 2687270
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Bechtel S, Rosenfelder H, Duda A, Schmidt CP, Ernst U, Wellenreuther R, Mehrle A, Schuster C, Bahr A, Blocker H, Heubner D, Hoerlein A, Michel G, Wedler H, Kohrer K, Ottenwalder B, Poustka A, Wiemann S, Schupp I: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium. BMC Genomics. 2007 Oct 31;8:399. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-399.
Pubmed: 17974005
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