PathBank

Pathway Description

Aspartate Metabolism

Escherichia coli

Category:

Metabolite Pathway

Sub-Category:

Metabolic

Created: 2015-03-01

Last Updated: 2025-01-28

Aspartate is synthesized from and broken down to oxaloacetate, a TCA cycle intermediate, via a reversible transamination reaction with glutamate. This reaction is catalyzed by the aminotransferase AspC or TyrB. Aspartate is a component of proteins and is involved in many biosyntheses pathways like NAD biosynthesis and beta-alanine metabolism. Aspartate can also be synthesized from fumaric acid through an aspartate ammonia lyase. Aspartate also participates in the synthesis of L-asparagine through two different methods, either through aspartate ammonia ligase or asparagine synthetase B. Aspartate is also a precursor of fumaric acid. Again it has two possible ways of synthesizing it. First set of reactions follows an adenylo succinate synthetase that yields adenylsuccinic acid and then adenylosuccinate lyase in turns leads to fumaric acid. The second way is through argininosuccinate synthase that yields argininosuccinic acid and then argininosuccinate lyase in turns leads to fumaric acid.

References

Aspartate Metabolism References

Reitzer L: Biosynthesis of Glutamate, Aspartate, Asparagine, L-Alanine, and D-Alanine. EcoSal Plus. 2004 Dec;1(1). doi: 10.1128/ecosalplus.3.6.1.3.

Pubmed: 26443364

Mise T: Structural Analysis of the Ligand-Binding Domain of the Aspartate Receptor Tar from Escherichia coli. Biochemistry. 2016 Jul 5;55(26):3708-13. doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00160. Epub 2016 Jun 20.

Pubmed: 27292793

Nakamura M, Yamada M, Hirota Y, Sugimoto K, Oka A, Takanami M: Nucleotide sequence of the asnA gene coding for asparagine synthetase of E. coli K-12. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Sep 25;9(18):4669-76. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.18.4669.

Pubmed: 6117826

Buhk HJ, Messer W: The replication origin region of Escherichia coli: nucleotide sequence and functional units. Gene. 1983 Oct;24(2-3):265-79. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(83)90087-2.

Pubmed: 6357950

Burland V, Plunkett G 3rd, Daniels DL, Blattner FR: DNA sequence and analysis of 136 kilobases of the Escherichia coli genome: organizational symmetry around the origin of replication. Genomics. 1993 Jun;16(3):551-61. doi: 10.1006/geno.1993.1230.

Pubmed: 7686882

Scofield MA, Lewis WS, Schuster SM: Nucleotide sequence of Escherichia coli asnB and deduced amino acid sequence of asparagine synthetase B. J Biol Chem. 1990 Aug 5;265(22):12895-902.

Pubmed: 1973930

Oshima T, Aiba H, Baba T, Fujita K, Hayashi K, Honjo A, Ikemoto K, Inada T, Itoh T, Kajihara M, Kanai K, Kashimoto K, Kimura S, Kitagawa M, Makino K, Masuda S, Miki T, Mizobuchi K, Mori H, Motomura K, Nakamura Y, Nashimoto H, Nishio Y, Saito N, Horiuchi T, et al.: A 718-kb DNA sequence of the Escherichia coli K-12 genome corresponding to the 12.7-28.0 min region on the linkage map. DNA Res. 1996 Jun 30;3(3):137-55. doi: 10.1093/dnares/3.3.137.

Pubmed: 8905232

Blattner FR, Plunkett G 3rd, Bloch CA, Perna NT, Burland V, Riley M, Collado-Vides J, Glasner JD, Rode CK, Mayhew GF, Gregor J, Davis NW, Kirkpatrick HA, Goeden MA, Rose DJ, Mau B, Shao Y: The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1453-62. doi: 10.1126/science.277.5331.1453.

Pubmed: 9278503

Kuramitsu S, Okuno S, Ogawa T, Ogawa H, Kagamiyama H: Aspartate aminotransferase of Escherichia coli: nucleotide sequence of the aspC gene. J Biochem. 1985 Apr;97(4):1259-62. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a135173.

Pubmed: 3897210

Fotheringham IG, Dacey SA, Taylor PP, Smith TJ, Hunter MG, Finlay ME, Primrose SB, Parker DM, Edwards RM: The cloning and sequence analysis of the aspC and tyrB genes from Escherichia coli K12. Comparison of the primary structures of the aspartate aminotransferase and aromatic aminotransferase of E. coli with those of the pig aspartate aminotransferase isoenzymes. Biochem J. 1986 Mar 15;234(3):593-604. doi: 10.1042/bj2340593.

Pubmed: 3521591

Kondo K, Wakabayashi S, Yagi T, Kagamiyama H: The complete amino acid sequence of aspartate aminotransferase from Escherichia coli: sequence comparison with pig isoenzymes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1984 Jul 18;122(1):62-7. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(84)90439-x.

Pubmed: 6378205

Flachmann R, Kunz N, Seifert J, Gutlich M, Wientjes FJ, Laufer A, Gassen HG: Molecular biology of pyridine nucleotide biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Cloning and characterization of quinolinate synthesis genes nadA and nadB. Eur J Biochem. 1988 Aug 1;175(2):221-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14187.x.

Pubmed: 2841129

Seifert J, Kunz N, Flachmann R, Laufer A, Jany KD, Gassen HG: Expression of the E. coli nadB gene and characterization of the gene product L-aspartate oxidase. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler. 1990 Mar;371(3):239-48.

Pubmed: 2187483

Mattevi A, Tedeschi G, Bacchella L, Coda A, Negri A, Ronchi S: Structure of L-aspartate oxidase: implications for the succinate dehydrogenase/fumarate reductase oxidoreductase family. Structure. 1999 Jul 15;7(7):745-56.

Pubmed: 10425677

Woods SA, Miles JS, Roberts RE, Guest JR: Structural and functional relationships between fumarase and aspartase. Nucleotide sequences of the fumarase (fumC) and aspartase (aspA) genes of Escherichia coli K12. Biochem J. 1986 Jul 15;237(2):547-57. doi: 10.1042/bj2370547.

Pubmed: 3541901

Takagi JS, Ida N, Tokushige M, Sakamoto H, Shimura Y: Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the aspartase gene of Escherichia coli W. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Mar 25;13(6):2063-74. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.6.2063.

Pubmed: 2987841

Burland V, Plunkett G 3rd, Sofia HJ, Daniels DL, Blattner FR: Analysis of the Escherichia coli genome VI: DNA sequence of the region from 92.8 through 100 minutes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1995 Jun 25;23(12):2105-19. doi: 10.1093/nar/23.12.2105.

Pubmed: 7610040

Wolfe SA, Smith JM: Nucleotide sequence and analysis of the purA gene encoding adenylosuccinate synthetase of Escherichia coli K12. J Biol Chem. 1988 Dec 15;263(35):19147-53.

Pubmed: 3058695

Van Vliet F, Crabeel M, Boyen A, Tricot C, Stalon V, Falmagne P, Nakamura Y, Baumberg S, Glansdorff N: Sequences of the genes encoding argininosuccinate synthetase in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae: comparison with methanogenic archaebacteria and mammals. Gene. 1990 Oct 30;95(1):99-104. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(90)90419-r.

Pubmed: 2123815

Hayashi K, Morooka N, Yamamoto Y, Fujita K, Isono K, Choi S, Ohtsubo E, Baba T, Wanner BL, Mori H, Horiuchi T: Highly accurate genome sequences of Escherichia coli K-12 strains MG1655 and W3110. Mol Syst Biol. 2006;2:2006.0007. doi: 10.1038/msb4100049. Epub 2006 Feb 21.

Pubmed: 16738553

He B, Smith JM, Zalkin H: Escherichia coli purB gene: cloning, nucleotide sequence, and regulation by purR. J Bacteriol. 1992 Jan;174(1):130-6. doi: 10.1128/jb.174.1.130-136.1992.

Pubmed: 1729205

Blattner FR, Burland V, Plunkett G 3rd, Sofia HJ, Daniels DL: Analysis of the Escherichia coli genome. IV. DNA sequence of the region from 89.2 to 92.8 minutes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Nov 25;21(23):5408-17. doi: 10.1093/nar/21.23.5408.

Pubmed: 8265357

This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz - Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.

Propagated from SMP0000809

	Adenosine monophosphate
	Adenosine triphosphate
	Adenylsuccinic acid
	Ammonia
	Argininosuccinic acid
	Citrulline
	Fumaric acid
	Guanosine diphosphate
	Guanosine triphosphate
	Hydrogen peroxide
	Inosinic acid
	L-Arginine
	L-Asparagine
	L-Aspartic acid
	L-Glutamic acid
	L-Glutamine
	N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate
	Oxalacetic acid
	Oxoglutaric acid
	Oxygen
	Phosphate
	Pyrophosphate
	Water

	Adenylosuccinate lyase
	Adenylosuccinate synthetase
	Argininosuccinate lyase
	Argininosuccinate synthase
	Asparagine synthetase B [glutamine-hydrolyzing]
	Aspartate aminotransferase
	Aspartate ammonia-lyase
	Aspartate carbamoyltransferase catalytic chain
	Aspartate carbamoyltransferase regulatory chain
	Aspartate--ammonia ligase
	L-aspartate oxidase

		Adenosine monophosphate
		Adenosine triphosphate
		Adenylsuccinic acid
		Ammonia
		Argininosuccinic acid
		Citrulline
		Fumaric acid
		Guanosine diphosphate
		Guanosine triphosphate
		Hydrogen peroxide
		Inosinic acid
		L-Arginine
		L-Asparagine
		L-Aspartic acid
		L-Glutamic acid
		L-Glutamine
		N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate
		Oxalacetic acid
		Oxoglutaric acid
		Oxygen
		Phosphate
		Pyrophosphate
		Water

		Adenylosuccinate lyase
		Adenylosuccinate synthetase
		Argininosuccinate lyase
		Argininosuccinate synthase
		Asparagine synthetase B [glutamine-hydrolyzing]
		Aspartate aminotransferase
		Aspartate ammonia-lyase
		Aspartate carbamoyltransferase catalytic chain
		Aspartate carbamoyltransferase regulatory chain
		Aspartate--ammonia ligase
		L-aspartate oxidase

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Aspartate Metabolism

Aspartate Metabolism References