[Uniprot: Q9HAY6](http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9HAY6)

[OMIM: Entry 115300](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=115300)

Attard-Montalto S, Evans N, Sherwood RA: Carotenaemia with low vitamin A levels and low retinol-binding protein. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1992;15(6):929-30.

Sharvill DE: Familial hypercarotinaemia and hypovitaminosis A. Proc R Soc Med. 1970 Jun;63(6):605-6.

Sommer A: Vitamin a deficiency and clinical disease: an historical overview. J Nutr. 2008 Oct;138(10):1835-9. doi: 10.1093/jn/138.10.1835.

Lehninger, A.L. Lehninger principles of biochemistry (4th ed.)  (2005). New York: W.H Freeman.

Salway, J.G. Metabolism at a glance (3rd ed.) (2004). Alden, Mass.: Blackwell Pub.

Astrom A, Tavakkol A, Pettersson U, Cromie M, Elder JT, Voorhees JJ: Molecular cloning of two human cellular retinoic acid-binding proteins (CRABP). Retinoic acid-induced expression of CRABP-II but not CRABP-I in adult human skin in vivo and in skin fibroblasts in vitro. J Biol Chem. 1991 Sep 15;266(26):17662-6.

Roberts AB, Nichols MD, Newton DL, Sporn MB: In vitro metabolism of retinoic acid in hamster intestine and liver. J Biol Chem. 1979 Jul 25;254(14):6296-302.

Gutierrez-Mazariegos J, Schubert M, Laudet V: Evolution of retinoic acid receptors and retinoic acid signaling. Subcell Biochem. 2014;70:55-73. doi: 10.1007/978-94-017-9050-5_4.

O'Connell MJ, Chua R, Hoyos B, Buck J, Chen Y, Derguini F, Hammerling U: Retro-retinoids in regulated cell growth and death. J Exp Med. 1996 Aug 1;184(2):549-55. doi: 10.1084/jem.184.2.549.

Blaner WS, Li Y, Brun PJ, Yuen JJ, Lee SA, Clugston RD: Vitamin A Absorption, Storage and Mobilization. Subcell Biochem. 2016;81:95-125. doi: 10.1007/978-94-024-0945-1_4.

Blomhoff R, Green MH, Green JB, Berg T, Norum KR: Vitamin A metabolism: new perspectives on absorption, transport, and storage. Physiol Rev. 1991 Oct;71(4):951-90. doi: 10.1152/physrev.1991.71.4.951.

Belyaeva OV, Wu L, Shmarakov I, Nelson PS, Kedishvili NY: Retinol dehydrogenase 11 is essential for the maintenance of retinol homeostasis in liver and testis in mice. J Biol Chem. 2018 May 4;293(18):6996-7007. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA117.001646. Epub 2018 Mar 22.

Zhang M, Hu P, Napoli JL: Elements in the N-terminal signaling sequence that determine cytosolic topology of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases. Studies with retinol dehydrogenase type 1 and cis-retinol/androgen dehydrogenase type 1. J Biol Chem. 2004 Dec 3;279(49):51482-9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M409051200. Epub 2004 Sep 7.

von Bahr-Lindstrom H, Hoog JO, Heden LO, Kaiser R, Fleetwood L, Larsson K, Lake M, Holmquist B, Holmgren A, Hempel J, et al.: cDNA and protein structure for the alpha subunit of human liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Biochemistry. 1986 May 6;25(9):2465-70. doi: 10.1021/bi00357a026.

Ikuta T, Szeto S, Yoshida A: Three human alcohol dehydrogenase subunits: cDNA structure and molecular and evolutionary divergence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Feb;83(3):634-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.3.634.

Matsuo Y, Yokoyama S: Molecular structure of the human alcohol dehydrogenase 1 gene. FEBS Lett. 1989 Jan 16;243(1):57-60. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(89)81217-7.

Marchette LD, Thompson DA, Kravtsova M, Ngansop TN, Mandal MN, Kasus-Jacobi A: Retinol dehydrogenase 12 detoxifies 4-hydroxynonenal in photoreceptor cells. Free Radic Biol Med. 2010 Jan 1;48(1):16-25. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.08.005. Epub 2009 Aug 14.

Perrault I, Hanein S, Gerber S, Barbet F, Ducroq D, Dollfus H, Hamel C, Dufier JL, Munnich A, Kaplan J, Rozet JM: Retinal dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12) mutations in leber congenital amaurosis. Am J Hum Genet. 2004 Oct;75(4):639-46. doi: 10.1086/424889. Epub 2004 Aug 20.

Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. doi: 10.1038/ng1285. Epub 2003 Dec 21.

Su Z, Li R, Song X, Liu G, Li Y, Chang X, Li C, Huang D: Identification of a novel isoform of DHRS4 protein with a nuclear localization signal. Gene. 2012 Feb 25;494(2):161-7. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.12.033. Epub 2011 Dec 28.

Fransen M, Van Veldhoven PP, Subramani S: Identification of peroxisomal proteins by using M13 phage protein VI phage display: molecular evidence that mammalian peroxisomes contain a 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase. Biochem J. 1999 Jun 1;340 ( Pt 2):561-8.

Du J, Huang DY, Liu GF, Wang GL, Xu XL, Wang B, Zhu L: CDNA cloning of a short isoform of human liver NADP (H) -dependent retinol dehydrogenase/reductase and analysis of its characteristics. Yi Chuan Xue Bao. 2004 Jul;31(7):661-7.

Gough WH, VanOoteghem S, Sint T, Kedishvili NY: cDNA cloning and characterization of a new human microsomal NAD+-dependent dehydrogenase that oxidizes all-trans-retinol and 3alpha-hydroxysteroids. J Biol Chem. 1998 Jul 31;273(31):19778-85. doi: 10.1074/jbc.273.31.19778.

Jurukovski V, Markova NG, Karaman-Jurukovska N, Randolph RK, Su J, Napoli JL, Simon M: Cloning and characterization of retinol dehydrogenase transcripts expressed in human epidermal keratinocytes. Mol Genet Metab. 1999 May;67(1):62-73. doi: 10.1006/mgme.1999.2840.

Cain JM, Zaino R, Shearer D, Bennett RA, Olt G, Weisz J: Expression of a retinol dehydrogenase (hRoDH-4), a member of the retinol/steroid dehydrogenase family implicated in retinoic acid biosynthesis, in normal and neoplastic endometria. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Apr;186(4):675-83. doi: 10.1067/mob.2002.122127.

Rattner A, Smallwood PM, Nathans J: Identification and characterization of all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase from photoreceptor outer segments, the visual cycle enzyme that reduces all-trans-retinal to all-trans-retinol. J Biol Chem. 2000 Apr 14;275(15):11034-43. doi: 10.1074/jbc.275.15.11034.

Haeseleer F, Huang J, Lebioda L, Saari JC, Palczewski K: Molecular characterization of a novel short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase that reduces all-trans-retinal. J Biol Chem. 1998 Aug 21;273(34):21790-9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.273.34.21790.

Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, Baker K, Baldwin D, Brush J, Chen J, Chow B, Chui C, Crowley C, Currell B, Deuel B, Dowd P, Eaton D, Foster J, Grimaldi C, Gu Q, Hass PE, Heldens S, Huang A, Kim HS, Klimowski L, Jin Y, Johnson S, Lee J, Lewis L, Liao D, Mark M, Robbie E, Sanchez C, Schoenfeld J, Seshagiri S, Simmons L, Singh J, Smith V, Stinson J, Vagts A, Vandlen R, Watanabe C, Wieand D, Woods K, Xie MH, Yansura D, Yi S, Yu G, Yuan J, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Goddard A, Wood WI, Godowski P, Gray A: The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment. Genome Res. 2003 Oct;13(10):2265-70. doi: 10.1101/gr.1293003. Epub 2003 Sep 15.

Chetyrkin SV, Belyaeva OV, Gough WH, Kedishvili NY: Characterization of a novel type of human microsomal 3alpha -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: unique tissue distribution and catalytic properties. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jun 22;276(25):22278-86. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M102076200. Epub 2001 Apr 9.

Soref CM, Di YP, Hayden L, Zhao YH, Satre MA, Wu R: Characterization of a novel airway epithelial cell-specific short chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase gene whose expression is up-regulated by retinoids and is involved in the metabolism of retinol. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jun 29;276(26):24194-202. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M100332200. Epub 2001 Apr 13.

Markova NG, Pinkas-Sarafova A, Karaman-Jurukovska N, Jurukovski V, Simon M: Expression pattern and biochemical characteristics of a major epidermal retinol dehydrogenase. Mol Genet Metab. 2003 Feb;78(2):119-35.

Xie YA, Lee W, Cai C, Gambin T, Noupuu K, Sujirakul T, Ayuso C, Jhangiani S, Muzny D, Boerwinkle E, Gibbs R, Greenstein VC, Lupski JR, Tsang SH, Allikmets R: New syndrome with retinitis pigmentosa is caused by nonsense mutations in retinol dehydrogenase RDH11. Hum Mol Genet. 2014 Nov 1;23(21):5774-80. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddu291. Epub 2014 Jun 10.

Lin B, White JT, Ferguson C, Wang S, Vessella R, Bumgarner R, True LD, Hood L, Nelson PS: Prostate short-chain dehydrogenase reductase 1 (PSDR1): a new member of the short-chain steroid dehydrogenase/reductase family highly expressed in normal and neoplastic prostate epithelium. Cancer Res. 2001 Feb 15;61(4):1611-8.

Lai CH, Chou CY, Ch'ang LY, Liu CS, Lin W: Identification of novel human genes evolutionarily conserved in Caenorhabditis elegans by comparative proteomics. Genome Res. 2000 May;10(5):703-13. doi: 10.1101/gr.10.5.703.

Senechal A, Humbert G, Surget MO, Bazalgette C, Bazalgette C, Arnaud B, Arndt C, Laurent E, Brabet P, Hamel CP: Screening genes of the retinoid metabolism: novel LRAT mutation in leber congenital amaurosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006 Oct;142(4):702-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2006.04.057.

Ruiz A, Winston A, Lim YH, Gilbert BA, Rando RR, Bok D: Molecular and biochemical characterization of lecithin retinol acyltransferase. J Biol Chem. 1999 Feb 5;274(6):3834-41. doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.6.3834.

Zolfaghari R, Ross AC: Cloning, gene organization and identification of an alternative splicing process in lecithin:retinol acyltransferase cDNA from human liver. Gene. 2004 Oct 27;341:181-8. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2004.06.043.