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Pathway Description
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Deficiency (MTHFRD)
Homo sapiens
Disease Pathway
Created: 2013-08-29
Last Updated: 2022-10-12
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency (MTHFRD; Homocystinuria due to defect of n(5,10)-methylene THF deficiency) is caused by a defect in the MTHFR gene which codes for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase catalyzes the conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, a co-substrate for homocysteine remethylation to methionine. A defect in this enzyme results in accumulation of homocysteine and methionine in both plasma and urine. Some of the symptoms and signs include mental retardation, withdrawal, hallucinations, delusions, muscle weakness. Some patients remain asymptomatic until adulthood.
References
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Deficiency (MTHFRD) References
[Uniprot: P42898](http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P42898)
[OMIM: Entry 236250](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=236250)
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Pubmed: 11181567
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Pubmed: 7825569
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Pubmed: 7647779
Goyette P, Christensen B, Rosenblatt DS, Rozen R: Severe and mild mutations in cis for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, and description of five novel mutations in MTHFR. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 Dec;59(6):1268-75.
Pubmed: 8940272
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Pubmed: 10961793
Dean L: Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Deficiency
Pubmed: 28520345
Folate Metabolism References
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Pubmed: 20814827
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Pubmed: 21876184
Chen MJ, Shimada T, Moulton AD, Cline A, Humphries RK, Maizel J, Nienhuis AW: The functional human dihydrofolate reductase gene. J Biol Chem. 1984 Mar 25;259(6):3933-43.
Pubmed: 6323448
Masters JN, Attardi G: The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA coding for the human dihydrofolic acid reductase. Gene. 1983 Jan-Feb;21(1-2):59-63. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(83)90147-6.
Pubmed: 6687716
Watkins D, Schwartzentruber JA, Ganesh J, Orange JS, Kaplan BS, Nunez LD, Majewski J, Rosenblatt DS: Novel inborn error of folate metabolism: identification by exome capture and sequencing of mutations in the MTHFD1 gene in a single proband. J Med Genet. 2011 Sep;48(9):590-2. doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100286. Epub 2011 Aug 3.
Pubmed: 21813566
Hum DW, Bell AW, Rozen R, MacKenzie RE: Primary structure of a human trifunctional enzyme. Isolation of a cDNA encoding methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase. J Biol Chem. 1988 Nov 5;263(31):15946-50.
Pubmed: 3053686
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Pubmed: 14702039
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Pubmed: 17974005
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Pubmed: 16641997
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Pubmed: 10773664
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Dayan A, Bertrand R, Beauchemin M, Chahla D, Mamo A, Filion M, Skup D, Massie B, Jolivet J: Cloning and characterization of the human 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase-encoding cDNA. Gene. 1995 Nov 20;165(2):307-11. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(95)00321-v.
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Pubmed: 16572171
Goyette P, Pai A, Milos R, Frosst P, Tran P, Chen Z, Chan M, Rozen R: Gene structure of human and mouse methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) Mamm Genome. 1998 Aug;9(8):652-6.
Pubmed: 9680386
Ou CY, Stevenson RE, Brown VK, Schwartz CE, Allen WP, Khoury MJ, Rozen R, Oakley GP Jr, Adams MJ Jr: 5,10 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genetic polymorphism as a risk factor for neural tube defects. Am J Med Genet. 1996 Jun 28;63(4):610-4. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960628)63:4<610::AID-AJMG15>3.0.CO;2-L.
Pubmed: 8826441
Goyette P, Christensen B, Rosenblatt DS, Rozen R: Severe and mild mutations in cis for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, and description of five novel mutations in MTHFR. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 Dec;59(6):1268-75.
Pubmed: 8940272
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