Loading Pathway...
Error: Pathway image not found.
Hide
Pathway Description
Ion Channels and Their Functional Role in Vascular Endothelium
Homo sapiens
Protein Pathway
Created: 2018-06-19
Last Updated: 2019-08-16
In endothelial cell, ion channels such as agonist-activated nonselective Ca(2+)-permeable cation channels, cyclic nucleotide-activated nonselective cation channels, and store-operated Ca(2+) channels or capacitative Ca(2+) entry are controlled by intracellular Ca(2+) signals. Some of the channels are expressed by trp gene family. Ca(2+) entry is also controlled by large-conductance Ca(2+)-dependent BK(Ca) channels (slo), inwardly rectifying K(+) channels, Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channel and volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC). VRAC channels can also transport organic osmolytes and amino acid.
References
Ion Channels and Their Functional Role in Vascular Endothelium References
Nilius B, Droogmans G: Ion channels and their functional role in vascular endothelium. Physiol Rev. 2001 Oct;81(4):1415-59. doi: 10.1152/physrev.2001.81.4.1415.
Pubmed: 11581493
Scherer SW, Feinstein DS, Oliveira L, Tsui LC, Pittler SJ: Gene structure and chromosome localization to 7q21.3 of the human rod photoreceptor transducin gamma-subunit gene (GNGT1). Genomics. 1996 Jul 1;35(1):241-3. doi: 10.1006/geno.1996.0346.
Pubmed: 8661128
Tao L, Pandey S, Simon MI, Fong HK: Structure of the bovine transducin gamma subunit gene and analysis of promoter function in transgenic mice. Exp Eye Res. 1993 Apr;56(4):497-507. doi: 10.1006/exer.1993.1063.
Pubmed: 8500562
Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR, Osborne LR, Nakabayashi K, Herbrick JA, Carson AR, Parker-Katiraee L, Skaug J, Khaja R, Zhang J, Hudek AK, Li M, Haddad M, Duggan GE, Fernandez BA, Kanematsu E, Gentles S, Christopoulos CC, Choufani S, Kwasnicka D, Zheng XH, Lai Z, Nusskern D, Zhang Q, Gu Z, Lu F, Zeesman S, Nowaczyk MJ, Teshima I, Chitayat D, Shuman C, Weksberg R, Zackai EH, Grebe TA, Cox SR, Kirkpatrick SJ, Rahman N, Friedman JM, Heng HH, Pelicci PG, Lo-Coco F, Belloni E, Shaffer LG, Pober B, Morton CC, Gusella JF, Bruns GA, Korf BR, Quade BJ, Ligon AH, Ferguson H, Higgins AW, Leach NT, Herrick SR, Lemyre E, Farra CG, Kim HG, Summers AM, Gripp KW, Roberts W, Szatmari P, Winsor EJ, Grzeschik KH, Teebi A, Minassian BA, Kere J, Armengol L, Pujana MA, Estivill X, Wilson MD, Koop BF, Tosi S, Moore GE, Boright AP, Zlotorynski E, Kerem B, Kroisel PM, Petek E, Oscier DG, Mould SJ, Dohner H, Dohner K, Rommens JM, Vincent JB, Venter JC, Li PW, Mural RJ, Adams MD, Tsui LC: Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology. Science. 2003 May 2;300(5620):767-72. doi: 10.1126/science.1083423. Epub 2003 Apr 10.
Pubmed: 12690205
Petrovski S, Kury S, Myers CT, Anyane-Yeboa K, Cogne B, Bialer M, Xia F, Hemati P, Riviello J, Mehaffey M, Besnard T, Becraft E, Wadley A, Politi AR, Colombo S, Zhu X, Ren Z, Andrews I, Dudding-Byth T, Schneider AL, Wallace G, Rosen ABI, Schelley S, Enns GM, Corre P, Dalton J, Mercier S, Latypova X, Schmitt S, Guzman E, Moore C, Bier L, Heinzen EL, Karachunski P, Shur N, Grebe T, Basinger A, Nguyen JM, Bezieau S, Wierenga K, Bernstein JA, Scheffer IE, Rosenfeld JA, Mefford HC, Isidor B, Goldstein DB: Germline De Novo Mutations in GNB1 Cause Severe Neurodevelopmental Disability, Hypotonia, and Seizures. Am J Hum Genet. 2016 May 5;98(5):1001-1010. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.03.011. Epub 2016 Apr 21.
Pubmed: 27108799
Codina J, Stengel D, Woo SL, Birnbaumer L: Beta-subunits of the human liver Gs/Gi signal-transducing proteins and those of bovine retinal rod cell transducin are identical. FEBS Lett. 1986 Oct 27;207(2):187-92. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(86)81486-7.
Pubmed: 3095147
Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. doi: 10.1038/nature04727.
Pubmed: 16710414
Hayward BE, Bonthron DT: An imprinted antisense transcript at the human GNAS1 locus. Hum Mol Genet. 2000 Mar 22;9(5):835-41. doi: 10.1093/hmg/9.5.835.
Pubmed: 10749992
Hayward BE, Kamiya M, Strain L, Moran V, Campbell R, Hayashizaki Y, Bonthron DT: The human GNAS1 gene is imprinted and encodes distinct paternally and biallelically expressed G proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Aug 18;95(17):10038-43. doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.17.10038.
Pubmed: 9707596
Liu J, Litman D, Rosenberg MJ, Yu S, Biesecker LG, Weinstein LS: A GNAS1 imprinting defect in pseudohypoparathyroidism type IB. J Clin Invest. 2000 Nov;106(9):1167-74. doi: 10.1172/JCI10431.
Pubmed: 11067869
Jaiswal BS, Conti M: Identification and functional analysis of splice variants of the germ cell soluble adenylyl cyclase. J Biol Chem. 2001 Aug 24;276(34):31698-708. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M011698200. Epub 2001 Jun 21.
Pubmed: 11423534
Reed BY, Gitomer WL, Heller HJ, Hsu MC, Lemke M, Padalino P, Pak CY: Identification and characterization of a gene with base substitutions associated with the absorptive hypercalciuria phenotype and low spinal bone density. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Apr;87(4):1476-85. doi: 10.1210/jcem.87.4.8300.
Pubmed: 11932268
Litvin TN, Kamenetsky M, Zarifyan A, Buck J, Levin LR: Kinetic properties of "soluble" adenylyl cyclase. Synergism between calcium and bicarbonate. J Biol Chem. 2003 May 2;278(18):15922-6. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M212475200. Epub 2003 Feb 27.
Pubmed: 12609998
Janssens SP, Shimouchi A, Quertermous T, Bloch DB, Bloch KD: Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding human endothelium-derived relaxing factor/nitric oxide synthase. J Biol Chem. 1992 Jul 25;267(21):14519-22.
Pubmed: 1378832
Marsden PA, Schappert KT, Chen HS, Flowers M, Sundell CL, Wilcox JN, Lamas S, Michel T: Molecular cloning and characterization of human endothelial nitric oxide synthase. FEBS Lett. 1992 Aug 3;307(3):287-93. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(92)80697-f.
Pubmed: 1379542
Marsden PA, Heng HH, Scherer SW, Stewart RJ, Hall AV, Shi XM, Tsui LC, Schappert KT: Structure and chromosomal localization of the human constitutive endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene. J Biol Chem. 1993 Aug 15;268(23):17478-88.
Pubmed: 7688726
Harteneck C, Wedel B, Koesling D, Malkewitz J, Bohme E, Schultz G: Molecular cloning and expression of a new alpha-subunit of soluble guanylyl cyclase. Interchangeability of the alpha-subunits of the enzyme. FEBS Lett. 1991 Nov 4;292(1-2):217-22. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(91)80871-y.
Pubmed: 1683630
Behrends S, Harteneck C, Schultz G, Koesling D: A variant of the alpha 2 subunit of soluble guanylyl cyclase contains an insert homologous to a region within adenylyl cyclases and functions as a dominant negative protein. J Biol Chem. 1995 Sep 8;270(36):21109-13. doi: 10.1074/jbc.270.36.21109.
Pubmed: 7673142
Taylor TD, Noguchi H, Totoki Y, Toyoda A, Kuroki Y, Dewar K, Lloyd C, Itoh T, Takeda T, Kim DW, She X, Barlow KF, Bloom T, Bruford E, Chang JL, Cuomo CA, Eichler E, FitzGerald MG, Jaffe DB, LaButti K, Nicol R, Park HS, Seaman C, Sougnez C, Yang X, Zimmer AR, Zody MC, Birren BW, Nusbaum C, Fujiyama A, Hattori M, Rogers J, Lander ES, Sakaki Y: Human chromosome 11 DNA sequence and analysis including novel gene identification. Nature. 2006 Mar 23;440(7083):497-500. doi: 10.1038/nature04632.
Pubmed: 16554811
Giuili G, Scholl U, Bulle F, Guellaen G: Molecular cloning of the cDNAs coding for the two subunits of soluble guanylyl cyclase from human brain. FEBS Lett. 1992 Jun 8;304(1):83-8. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(92)80594-7.
Pubmed: 1352257
Zabel U, Weeger M, La M, Schmidt HH: Human soluble guanylate cyclase: functional expression and revised isoenzyme family. Biochem J. 1998 Oct 1;335 ( Pt 1):51-7. doi: 10.1042/bj3350051.
Pubmed: 9742212
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. doi: 10.1038/ng1285. Epub 2003 Dec 21.
Pubmed: 14702039
Behrends S, Kazmierczak B, Steenpa A, Knauf B, Bullerdiek J, Scholz H, Eiberg H: Assignment of GUCY1B2, the gene coding for the beta2 subunit of human guanylyl cyclase to chromosomal band 13q14.3 between markers D13S168 and D13S155. Genomics. 1999 Jan 1;55(1):126-7.
Pubmed: 9889008
Behrends S, Vehse K: The beta(2) subunit of soluble guanylyl cyclase contains a human-specific frameshift and is expressed in gastric carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Apr 29;271(1):64-9. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2596.
Pubmed: 10777682
Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Pepin KH, Minx P, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Kremitzki C, Oddy L, Du H, Sun H, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Carter J, Cordes M, Harris A, Isak A, van Brunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Abbott S, Armstrong J, Belter EA, Caruso L, Cedroni M, Cotton M, Davidson T, Desai A, Elliott G, Erb T, Fronick C, Gaige T, Haakenson W, Haglund K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Kim K, Kruchowski SS, Strong CM, Grewal N, Goyea E, Hou S, Levy A, Martinka S, Mead K, McLellan MD, Meyer R, Randall-Maher J, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Shah N, Swearengen-Shahid S, Snider J, Strong JT, Thompson J, Yoakum M, Leonard S, Pearman C, Trani L, Radionenko M, Waligorski JE, Wang C, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Maupin R, Latreille P, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Pohl C, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Berkowicz N, Nelson JO, Osborne J, Ding L, Meyer R, Sabo A, Shotland Y, Sinha P, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Jones TA, She X, Ciccarelli FD, Izaurralde E, Taylor J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Cox DR, Huang X, McPherson JD, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Warren WC, Chinwalla AT, Eddy SR, Marra MA, Ovcharenko I, Furey TS, Miller W, Eichler EE, Bork P, Suyama M, Torrents D, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. Nature. 2005 Apr 7;434(7034):724-31. doi: 10.1038/nature03466.
Pubmed: 15815621
Highlighted elements will appear in red.
Highlight Compounds
Highlight Proteins
Enter relative concentration values (without units). Elements will be highlighted in a color gradient where red = lowest concentration and green = highest concentration. For the best results, view the pathway in Black and White.
Visualize Compound Data
Visualize Protein Data
Downloads
Settings