PathBank

Pathway Description

De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(16:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))

Caenorhabditis elegans

Category:

Metabolite Pathway

Sub-Category:

Metabolic

Created: 2018-08-09

Last Updated: 2019-11-26

A triglyceride (TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids. Triglycerides are the main constituents of body fat in humans and other animals, as well as vegetable fat (Wikipedia). De novo biosynthesis of triglycerides is also known as the phosphatidic acid pathway. All membrane-localized enzymes are coloured dark green in the image. First, dihydroxyacetone phosphate (or glycerone phosphate) from glycolysis is used by the cytoplasmic enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] to synthesize sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. Second, the mitochondrial outer membrane enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase esterifies an acyl-group to the sn-1 position of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to form 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid or LPA). The next three steps are localized to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. The enzyme 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase converts LPA into phosphatidic acid (1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate) by esterifying an acyl-group to the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. Next, phosphatidate phosphatase catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidic acid into diacylglycerol. Last, the enzyme diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase synthesizes triacylglycerol from diacylglycerol and a fatty acyl-CoA.

References

De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(16:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) References

Lehner R, Kuksis A: Biosynthesis of triacylglycerols. Prog Lipid Res. 1996;35(2):169-201.

Pubmed: 8944226

Watts JL, Ristow M: Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics. 2017 Oct;207(2):413-446. doi: 10.1534/genetics.117.300106.

Pubmed: 28978773

Vrablik TL, Petyuk VA, Larson EM, Smith RD, Watts JL: Lipidomic and proteomic analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans lipid droplets and identification of ACS-4 as a lipid droplet-associated protein. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015 Oct;1851(10):1337-45. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.06.004. Epub 2015 Jun 27.

Pubmed: 26121959

Wilson R, Ainscough R, Anderson K, Baynes C, Berks M, Bonfield J, Burton J, Connell M, Copsey T, Cooper J, et al.: 2.2 Mb of contiguous nucleotide sequence from chromosome III of C. elegans. Nature. 1994 Mar 3;368(6466):32-8. doi: 10.1038/368032a0.

Pubmed: 7906398

Genome sequence of the nematode C. elegans: a platform for investigating biology. Science. 1998 Dec 11;282(5396):2012-8. doi: 10.1126/science.282.5396.2012.

Pubmed: 9851916

Bouvier-Nave P, Benveniste P, Noiriel A, Schaller H: Expression in yeast of an acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase cDNA from Caenorhabditis elegans. Biochem Soc Trans. 2000 Dec;28(6):692-5.

Pubmed: 11171173

This pathway was generated using PathWhiz - Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.

Generated from SMP0082407

Enter relative concentration values (without units). Elements will be highlighted in a color gradient where red = lowest concentration and green = highest concentration. For the best results, view the pathway in Black and White.

Visualize Compound Data

		Coenzyme A
		DG(16:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/0:0)
		Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
		Glycerol 3-phosphate
		Hydrogen Ion
		LysoPA(16:0/0:0)
		NAD
		NADH
		PA(16:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))
		Palmitoyl-CoA
		Phosphate
		TG(16:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))
		Water
		α-Linolenoyl-CoA

Visualize Protein Data

		LiPIN (Mammalian lipodystrophy associated) homolog
		O-acyltransferase
		Probable glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial
		Probable glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2
		Putative 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase acl-1