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Pathway Description
Ornithine Metabolism
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2019-08-12
Last Updated: 2019-09-15
In the ornithine biosynthesis pathway of E. coli, L-glutamate is acetylated to N-acetylglutamate by the enzyme N-acetylglutamate synthase, encoded by the argA gene. The acetyl donor for this reaction is acetyl-CoA. N-acetylglutamic acid is then phosphorylated via an ATP driven acetylglutamate kinase which yields a N-acetyl-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate. The product undergoes a NADPH dependent reduction resulting in N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde which then reacts with L-glutamic acid through a acetylornithine aminotransferase / N-succinyldiaminopimelate aminotransferase to produce a N-acetylornithine. Deacetylated through an acetylornithine deacetylase, N-acetylornithine finally yields an ornithine. Ornithine interacts with hydrogen ion through an ornithine decarboxylase resulting in a carbon dioxide release and a putrescine. Putrescine can be metabolized by reaction with either l-glutamic acid or oxoglutaric acid. If putrescine reacts with L-glutamic acid, it reacts through an ATP mediated gamma-glutamylputrescine producing a hydrogen ion, ADP, phosphate and gamma-glutamyl-L-putrescine. This compound is reduced by interacting with oxygen, water and a gamma-glutamylputrescine oxidoreductase resulting in ammonium, hydrogen peroxide and 4-gamma-glutamylamino butanal. The previous product is then dehydrogenated through a NADP mediated reaction lead by gamma-glutamyl-gamma-aminobutaryaldehyde dehydrogenase resulting in hydrogen ion, NADPH and 4-glutamylamino butanoate. In turn, the latter compound reacts with water through a gamma-glutamyl-gamma-aminobutyrate hydrolase resulting in L-glutamic acid and Gamma aminobutyric acid. On the other hand, if putrescine reacts with oxoglutaric acid through a putrescine aminotransferase, it results in L-glutamic acid, and a 4-aminobutyraldehyde. 4-aminobutyraldehyde reacts with water through a NAD dependent gamma aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase resulting in hydrogen ion, NADH and gamma-aminobutyric acid. Gamma Aaminobutyric acid reacts with oxoglutaric acid through 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase resulting in L-glutamic acid and succinic acid semialdehyde. Succinic acid semialdehyde in turn can react with with either NADP or NAD to result in the production of succinic acid through succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase or aldehyde dehydrogenase-like protein yneI respectively. Succinic acid can then be integrated in the TCA cycle.
References
Ornithine Metabolism References
Winstanley C, Langille MG, Fothergill JL, Kukavica-Ibrulj I, Paradis-Bleau C, Sanschagrin F, Thomson NR, Winsor GL, Quail MA, Lennard N, Bignell A, Clarke L, Seeger K, Saunders D, Harris D, Parkhill J, Hancock RE, Brinkman FS, Levesque RC: Newly introduced genomic prophage islands are critical determinants of in vivo competitiveness in the Liverpool Epidemic Strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Genome Res. 2009 Jan;19(1):12-23. doi: 10.1101/gr.086082.108. Epub 2008 Dec 1.
Pubmed: 19047519
Stover CK, Pham XQ, Erwin AL, Mizoguchi SD, Warrener P, Hickey MJ, Brinkman FS, Hufnagle WO, Kowalik DJ, Lagrou M, Garber RL, Goltry L, Tolentino E, Westbrock-Wadman S, Yuan Y, Brody LL, Coulter SN, Folger KR, Kas A, Larbig K, Lim R, Smith K, Spencer D, Wong GK, Wu Z, Paulsen IT, Reizer J, Saier MH, Hancock RE, Lory S, Olson MV: Complete genome sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, an opportunistic pathogen. Nature. 2000 Aug 31;406(6799):959-64. doi: 10.1038/35023079.
Pubmed: 10984043
Itoh Y: Cloning and characterization of the aru genes encoding enzymes of the catabolic arginine succinyltransferase pathway in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol. 1997 Dec;179(23):7280-90. doi: 10.1128/jb.179.23.7280-7290.1997.
Pubmed: 9393691
Park SM, Lu CD, Abdelal AT: Cloning and characterization of argR, a gene that participates in regulation of arginine biosynthesis and catabolism in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. J Bacteriol. 1997 Sep;179(17):5300-8. doi: 10.1128/jb.179.17.5300-5308.1997.
Pubmed: 9286980
Yamanishi Y, Mihara H, Osaki M, Muramatsu H, Esaki N, Sato T, Hizukuri Y, Goto S, Kanehisa M: Prediction of missing enzyme genes in a bacterial metabolic network. Reconstruction of the lysine-degradation pathway of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. FEBS J. 2007 May;274(9):2262-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05763.x. Epub 2007 Mar 27.
Pubmed: 17388807
Yan J, Deforet M, Boyle KE, Rahman R, Liang R, Okegbe C, Dietrich LEP, Qiu W, Xavier JB: Bow-tie signaling in c-di-GMP: Machine learning in a simple biochemical network. PLoS Comput Biol. 2017 Aug 2;13(8):e1005677. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005677. eCollection 2017 Aug.
Pubmed: 28767643
Lee DG, Urbach JM, Wu G, Liberati NT, Feinbaum RL, Miyata S, Diggins LT, He J, Saucier M, Deziel E, Friedman L, Li L, Grills G, Montgomery K, Kucherlapati R, Rahme LG, Ausubel FM: Genomic analysis reveals that Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence is combinatorial. Genome Biol. 2006;7(10):R90. doi: 10.1186/gb-2006-7-10-r90. Epub 2006 Oct 12.
Pubmed: 17038190
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0000813
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