PathBank

Pathway Description

D-Glucarate and D-Galactarate Degradation

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Category:

Metabolite Pathway

Sub-Category:

Metabolic

Created: 2019-08-12

Last Updated: 2019-08-16

Galactarate is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid analog of D-galactose. E. coli can use both diacid sugars galactarate and D-glucarate as the sole source of carbon for growth. The initial step in the degradation of galactarate is its dehydration to 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate(2--) by galactarate dehydratase. Glucaric acid can also be dehydrated by a glucarate dehydratase resulting in water and 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate(2--). The 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate(2--) is then metabolized by a alpha-dehydro-beta-deoxy-D-glucarate aldolase resulting in pyruvic acid and a tartonate semialdehyde. Pyruvic acid interacts with coenzyme A through a NAD driven Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex resulting in a carbon dioxide, an NADH and an acetyl-CoA. The tartronate semialdehyde interacts with a hydrogen ion through a NADPH driven tartronate semialdehyde reductase resulting in a NADP and a glyceric acid. The glyceric acid is phosphorylated by an ATP-driven glycerate kinase 2 resulting in an ADP, a hydrogen ion and a 2-phosphoglyceric acid. The latter compound is dehydrated by an enolase resulting in the release of water and a phosphoenolpyruvic acid. The phosphoenolpyruvic acid interacts with a hydrogen ion through an ADP driven pyruvate kinase resulting in an ATP and a pyruvic acid. The pyruvic acid then interacts with water and an ATP through a phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase resulting in the release of a hydrogen ion, a phosphate, an AMP and a Phosphoenolpyruvic acid.

References

D-Glucarate and D-Galactarate Degradation References

Yan J, Deforet M, Boyle KE, Rahman R, Liang R, Okegbe C, Dietrich LEP, Qiu W, Xavier JB: Bow-tie signaling in c-di-GMP: Machine learning in a simple biochemical network. PLoS Comput Biol. 2017 Aug 2;13(8):e1005677. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005677. eCollection 2017 Aug.

Pubmed: 28767643

Steele MI, Lorenz D, Hatter K, Park A, Sokatch JR: Characterization of the mmsAB operon of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO encoding methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase and 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem. 1992 Jul 5;267(19):13585-92.

Pubmed: 1339433

Stover CK, Pham XQ, Erwin AL, Mizoguchi SD, Warrener P, Hickey MJ, Brinkman FS, Hufnagle WO, Kowalik DJ, Lagrou M, Garber RL, Goltry L, Tolentino E, Westbrock-Wadman S, Yuan Y, Brody LL, Coulter SN, Folger KR, Kas A, Larbig K, Lim R, Smith K, Spencer D, Wong GK, Wu Z, Paulsen IT, Reizer J, Saier MH, Hancock RE, Lory S, Olson MV: Complete genome sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, an opportunistic pathogen. Nature. 2000 Aug 31;406(6799):959-64. doi: 10.1038/35023079.

Pubmed: 10984043

Lee DG, Urbach JM, Wu G, Liberati NT, Feinbaum RL, Miyata S, Diggins LT, He J, Saucier M, Deziel E, Friedman L, Li L, Grills G, Montgomery K, Kucherlapati R, Rahme LG, Ausubel FM: Genomic analysis reveals that Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence is combinatorial. Genome Biol. 2006;7(10):R90. doi: 10.1186/gb-2006-7-10-r90. Epub 2006 Oct 12.

Pubmed: 17038190

Ouidir T, Jarnier F, Cosette P, Jouenne T, Hardouin J: Potential of liquid-isoelectric-focusing protein fractionation to improve phosphoprotein characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2014 Oct;406(25):6297-309. doi: 10.1007/s00216-014-8045-8. Epub 2014 Aug 6.

Pubmed: 25096199

This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz - Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.

Propagated from SMP0000816

Enter relative concentration values (without units). Elements will be highlighted in a color gradient where red = lowest concentration and green = highest concentration. For the best results, view the pathway in Black and White.

Visualize Compound Data

		2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-glucarate
		2-Phosphoglyceric acid
		5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate(2−)
		Acetyl-CoA
		Adenosine diphosphate
		Adenosine monophosphate
		Adenosine triphosphate
		Carbon dioxide
		Coenzyme A
		D-Glucaric acid
		Galactaric acid
		Glyceric acid
		Hydrogen Ion
		NAD
		NADH
		NADP
		NADPH
		Phosphate
		Phosphoenolpyruvic acid
		Pyruvic acid
		Tartronate semialdehyde
		Water

Visualize Protein Data

		2,4-dihydroxyhept-2-ene-1,7-dioic acid aldolase
		3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase
		dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose reductase
		Enolase
		Galactarate dehydratase
		Glucarate dehydratase
		Glycerate kinase
		MFS transporter
		Phosphoenolpyruvate synthase
		Pyruvate kinase
		Pyruvate kinase