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Pathway Description
Fluorouracil Pyrimidine Analog Action Pathway
Homo sapiens
Drug Action Pathway
Created: 2020-07-28
Last Updated: 2023-10-25
Fluorouracil is a pyrimidine analog as well as an antineoplastic antimetabolite, meaning it's used to treat cancers. It is most commonly used to treat breast, colon, stomach, pancreatic, renal and cervical cancers. Fluorouracil is converted into 5-fluorouridine triphosphate through a series of phosphorylations and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine triphosphate also by phosphorylation as well as reduction. 5-Fluorouridine triphosphate is incorporated into RNA synthesis creating fraudulent proteins and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine triphosphate is incorporated into DNA synthesis and replication creating unstable DNA that prevents the cell from proliferating. Fluorouracil is also converted into 5-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate which competes with dUMP for thymidylate synthase and 5, 10-methylene-THF. 5-Fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate creates a complex with thymidylate synthase and 5, 10-methylene-THF which then uses up the mentioned compound and protein preventing the converstion of dUMP to dTMP. The metabolite dTMP is important as it is further converted to dTDP and dTTP to be used in DNA synthesis. By restricting the amount of dTTP being formed from dUMP conversion, DNA synthesis of the cell can no longer occur as DTTP is important for thymidine synthesis. Fluorouracil stops normal cell development at the "S" phase. Unfortunately fluorouracil isn't extremely specific as it can target almost any cell that undergoes the cell cycle so there are also off target effects. Fluorouracil can be administered through a solution via intravenous injection or as a topical treatment.
References
Fluorouracil Pyrimidine Analog Pathway References
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