Loading Pathway...
Error: Pathway image not found.
Hide
Pathway Description
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Phenyl sulfate
Homo sapiens
Metabolic Pathway
Created: 2021-03-02
Last Updated: 2023-10-25
Phenyl sulphate is a phenolic compound that is formed through gut microbial metabolism from dietary tyrosine and a sulfation reaction in liver hepatic cells. After being transported into gut microbes, tyrosine undergoes a reaction with the enzyme tyrosine phenol-lyase to form phenol. Phenol that is produced from the gut microbes then enters systemic circulation. Ultimately phenol undergoes a sulfation reaction in a liver hepatocyte through a sulfotransferase enzyme to form Phenyl sulphate. When Phenyl sulphate returns back into systemic circulation it is shown to be a major uremic toxin through high levels of retention. Phenyl sulphate is shown to cause albuminuria and diabetic kidney disease.
References
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Phenyl sulfate References
Kikuchi, K., Saigusa, D., Kanemitsu, Y., Matsumoto, Y., Thanai, P., Suzuki, N., ... & Abe, T. (2019). Gut microbiome-derived phenyl sulfate contributes to albuminuria in diabetic kidney disease. Nature communications, 10(1), 1-17.
Basha, K. M., Rajendran, A., & Thangavelu, V. (2010). Recent advances in the biodegradation of phenol: a review. Asian J Exp Biol Sci, 1(2), 219-234.
Shangari, N., Chan, T. S., & O'brien, P. J. (2005). Sulfation and glucuronidation of phenols: implications in coenyzme Q metabolism. Methods in enzymology, 400, 342-359.
Meyer, T. W., & Hostetter, T. H. (2012). Uremic solutes from colon microbes. Kidney international, 81(10), 949-954.
Lim, Y. J., Sidor, N. A., Tonial, N. C., Che, A., & Urquhart, B. L. (2021). Uremic Toxins in the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. Toxins, 13(2), 142.
Zhu X, Veronese ME, Iocco P, McManus ME: cDNA cloning and expression of a new form of human aryl sulfotransferase. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1996 May;28(5):565-71.
Pubmed: 8697101
Ozawa S, Nagata K, Shimada M, Ueda M, Tsuzuki T, Yamazoe Y, Kato R: Primary structures and properties of two related forms of aryl sulfotransferases in human liver. Pharmacogenetics. 1995;5 Spec No:S135-40.
Pubmed: 7581483
Yamazoe Y, Nagata K, Ozawa S, Kato R: Structural similarity and diversity of sulfotransferases. Chem Biol Interact. 1994 Jun;92(1-3):107-17. doi: 10.1016/0009-2797(94)90057-4.
Pubmed: 8033246
Highlighted elements will appear in red.
Highlight Compounds
Highlight Proteins
Enter relative concentration values (without units). Elements will be highlighted in a color gradient where red = lowest concentration and green = highest concentration. For the best results, view the pathway in Black and White.
Visualize Compound Data
Visualize Protein Data
Downloads
Settings