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Pathway Description
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Phenyl glucuronide
Homo sapiens
Metabolic Pathway
Created: 2021-03-10
Last Updated: 2023-10-25
Phenyl glucuronide is a phenolic compound that is formed through gut microbial metabolism from dietary tyrosine and a glucuronidation reaction in liver hepatic cells. After being transported into gut microbes, tyrosine undergoes a reaction with the enzyme tyrosine phenol-lyase to form phenol. Phenol that is produced from the gut microbes then enters systemic circulation. Ultimately phenol undergoes a reaction in a liver hepatocyte through a glucuronosyltransferase enzyme to form Phenyl glucuronide. When this compound returns back into systemic circulation it is shown to be a major uremic toxin through high levels of retention. Phenyl glucuronide is shown to
References
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Phenyl glucuronide References
Meyer, T. W., & Hostetter, T. H. (2012). Uremic solutes from colon microbes. Kidney international, 81(10), 949-954.
Kumagai, H., Yamada, H., Matsui, H., Ohkishi, H., & Ogata, K. (1970). Tyrosine phenol lyase I. Purification, crystallization, and properties. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 245(7), 1767-1772.
Berthier, J., Benmameri, M., Sauvage, F. L., Fabre, G., Chantemargue, B., Arnion, H., ... & Saint-Marcoux, F. (2021). MRP4 is responsible for the efflux transport of mycophenolic acid β-D glucuronide (MPAG) from hepatocytes to blood. Xenobiotica, 51(1), 105-114.
Shangari, N., Chan, T. S., & O'brien, P. J. (2005). Sulfation and glucuronidation of phenols: implications in coenyzme Q metabolism. Methods in enzymology, 400, 342-359.
Lisowska-Myjak B: Uremic toxins and their effects on multiple organ systems. Nephron Clin Pract. 2014;128(3-4):303-11. doi: 10.1159/000369817. Epub 2014 Dec 19.
Pubmed: 25531673
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