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Insulin
Insulin
receptor
Pyruvate
dehydrogenase
complex
Sodium/potassium
ATPase
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic
reticulum
calcium ATPase
2
Sodium/potassium
ATPase
ATP synthase
subunit beta,
mitochondrial
3-
phosphoinositide-
dependent
protein kinase
1
RAC-alpha
serine/threonine-
protein kinase
Long-chain
fatty acid
transport
protein 1
Mitochondrial
carnitine/acylcarnitine
carrier protein
Solute carrier
family 2,
facilitated
glucose
transporter
member 4
Mitochondrial
pyruvate
carrier 1
Solute carrier
family 22
member 5
Long-chain-
fatty-acid--
CoA ligase 1
Carnitine O-
palmitoyltransferase
1, liver
isoform
Carnitine O-
palmitoyltransferase
2,
mitochondrial
ATP synthase
lipid-binding
protein,
mitochondrial
ATP synthase
subunit a
ATP synthase
subunit alpha,
mitochondrial
ATP synthase
subunit b,
mitochondrial
ATP synthase
subunit delta,
mitochondrial
ATP synthase
subunit
epsilon,
mitochondrial
ATP synthase
subunit gamma,
mitochondrial
RAC-alpha
serine/threonine-
protein kinase
Serine/threonine-
protein
phosphatase 2A
catalytic
subunit alpha
isoform
Carnitine O-
acetyltransferase
L-
Palmitoylcarnitine
L-
Palmitoylcarnitine
PIP3(16:0/16:0)
Palmitoyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA
Palmitoyl-CoA
Palmitic acid
D-Glucose
Pyruvic acid
NADH
Superoxide
Palmitic acid
L-
Palmitoylcarnitine
D-Glucose
Pyruvic acid
Ca
+
Ca
+
Na
+
Na
+
K
+
K
+
L-Carnitine
L-Carnitine
ATP
CoA
AMP
PP
i
CoA
L-Carnitine
CoA
CoA
NAD
CO
2
NADH
ADP
H
+
ATP
H
+
L-Carnitine
L-
Acetylcarnitine
CoA
Na
+
ATP
K
+
H
2
O
Na
+
ADP
P
i
K
+
P
i
Thiamine
pyrophosphate
Lipoamide
FAD
Mitochondrial
Beta-Oxidation
of Long Chain
Saturated Fatty
Acids
Activation of
peroxisomal FA
Ooxidation
Glycolysis
TCA Cycle
Mitochondrial
Electron
Transport Chain
Insulin
Signalling
AKT signaling
pathway
P
i
P
i
Magnesium
Cytosol
Mitochondrial Outer Membrane
Mitochondrial Inter-membrane
Space
Mitochondrial Inner Membrane
Mitochondrial Matrix
Extracellular Space
Mitochondria
Unknown
INSR
PDHA1
FXYD2
ATP2A2
FXYD2
ATP5B
PDPK1
AKT1
SLC27A1
SLC25A20
SLC2A4
MPC1
SLC22A5
ACSL1
CPT1A
CPT2
ATP5G2
MT-ATP6
ATP5A1
ATP5F1
ATP5D
ATP5E
ATP5C1
AKT1
PPP2CA
CRAT
L-
Palmitoylcarnitine
L-
Palmitoylcarnitine
PIP3(16:0/16:0)
Palmitoyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA
Palmitoyl-CoA
Palmitic acid
D-Glucose
Pyruvic acid
NADH
Superoxide
Palmitic acid
L-
Palmitoylcarnitine
D-Glucose
Pyruvic acid
Calcium
Calcium
Sodium
Sodium
Potassium
Potassium
L-Carnitine
L-Carnitine
Adenosine
triphosphate
Coenzyme A
Adenosine
monophosphate
Pyrophosphate
Coenzyme A
L-Carnitine
Coenzyme A
Coenzyme A
NAD
Carbon dioxide
NADH
Adenosine
diphosphate
Hydrogen
Adenosine
triphosphate
Hydrogen
L-Carnitine
L-
Acetylcarnitine
Coenzyme A
Sodium
Adenosine
triphosphate
Potassium
Water
Sodium
Adenosine
diphosphate
Phosphate
Potassium
Phosphate
Mitochondrial
Beta-Oxidation
of Long Chain
Saturated Fatty
Acids
Activation of
peroxisomal FA
Ooxidation
Glycolysis
TCA Cycle
Mitochondrial
Electron
Transport Chain
Insulin
Signalling
AKT signaling
pathway
Phosphate
Phosphate