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Pathway Description
Methadone Opioid Agonist Action Pathway
Homo sapiens
Drug Action Pathway
Created: 2021-07-07
Last Updated: 2023-10-25
Methadone is a synthetic mu-opioid receptor agonst as well as a N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. As a mu opioid receptor agonist it exerts similar qualities to other opioids like morphine and heroin by decreasing GABA release from presynatic neurons leading to the disinhibition of dopamine neurons in the spinal chord. This causes analgesia effects promoting pain relief. Methadone by antagonizing NMDA receptors on the post synaptic membrane leads to less calcium influx through the receptor subunits. This also leads to slower depolarization of the neurons in the central nervous system dampening the pain pathway. Due to it's NMDA antagonism it has improved analgesic effect and opioid tolerance. Since it is similar to morphine and other opioids it also has similar risks with addiction, respiratory depression and constipation. Methadone is used as an addiction treatment because of its long duration of action and half life. It's long duration of action makes it ideal for Opioid Agonist Treatment (OAT) or Opioid Substitution Therapy (OST). OAT and OST is the substitution of illicit opioids with the long-acting opioids to prevent withdrawal symptoms for 24-36 hours which ultimately reduce cravings and drug-seeking behaviours leading to the patient less like to seek illicit opioid drug usage.
References
Methadone Opioid Agonist Pathway References
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