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Synaptic vesicular amine transporter Amine oxidase [flavin- containing] A Trace amine-associated receptor 1 Sodium- dependent dopamine transporter Trace amine-associated receptor 1 Sodium- dependent dopamine transporter D(1A) dopamine receptor D(1B) dopamine receptor Sodium- dependent dopamine transporter Synaptic vesicular amine transporter Sodium- dependent dopamine transporter Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase Aromatic-L- amino-acid decarboxylase Catechol O- methyltransferase Amphetamine Dopamine Amphetamine Amphetamine Dopamine Dopamine Amphetamine Dopamine Amphetamine L-Tyrosine Tetrahydrobiopterin O2 L-Dopa Dihydrobiopterin H2O CO2 S- Adenosylmethionine 3-Methoxytyramine S- Adenosylhomocysteine H2O O2 Homovanillin H2O2 NH3 FAD Magnesium Gs signaling cascade Gs signaling cascade Fe2+ Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate Diffusion Reversal of transporter Internalization Presynaptic neuron Post synaptic neuron Synaptic vesicle Attention Impulse control 1. Dopamine is synthesized from tyrosine and stored in presynaptic vesicles 2. Amphetamine enters the nerve terminal via the dopamine reuptake transporter or by diffusing through the membrane 3. Amphetamine enters the synaptic vesicles through VMAT2 and inhibits VMAT2 and displaces the dopamine in the vesicles causing dopamine to spew out into the cytosol 3. Amphetamine activates TAAR1 receptors leading to the internalization and reversal of the dopamine reuptake transporter 4. Amphetamine inhibits monoamine oxidase which metabolizes dopamine 5. There is high cytosol and synaptic concentration of dopamine due to the internalization and reversal of the reuptake transporter, the inhibition of dopamine metabolism and the inability to store dopamine in vesicles 6. Dopamine in the synapse activates post-synaptic D1 and D5 receptors which are responsible for attention and impulse control in ADHD Synapse
SLC18A2 MAOA TAAR1 SLC6A3 TAAR1 SLC6A3 DRD1 DRD5 SLC6A3 SLC18A2 SLC6A3 TH DDC COMT Amfetam LDP Amfetam Amfetam LDP LDP Amfetam LDP Amfetam Tyr BH4 O2 L-Dopa BH3 H2O CO2 SAMe 3-Motyr SAH H2O O2 Homovan H2O2 NH3 FAD Mg2+ G s c G s c Fe2+ Pyr-5'P Diffusion Reversal of transporter Internalization Presynaptic neuron Post synaptic neuron Synaptic vesicle Attention Impulse control 1. Dopamine is synthesized from tyrosine and stored in presynaptic vesicles 2. Amphetamine enters the nerve terminal via the dopamine reuptake transporter or by diffusing through the membrane 3. Amphetamine enters the synaptic vesicles through VMAT2 and inhibits VMAT2 and displaces the dopamine in the vesicles causing dopamine to spew out into the cytosol 3. Amphetamine activates TAAR1 receptors leading to the internalization and reversal of the dopamine reuptake transporter 4. Amphetamine inhibits monoamine oxidase which metabolizes dopamine 5. There is high cytosol and synaptic concentration of dopamine due to the internalization and reversal of the reuptake transporter, the inhibition of dopamine metabolism and the inability to store dopamine in vesicles 6. Dopamine in the synapse activates post-synaptic D1 and D5 receptors which are responsible for attention and impulse control in ADHD Synapse