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Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor Adenylate cyclase type 9 cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha regulatory subunit cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-beta regulatory subunit cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-beta regulatory subunit cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-alpha regulatory subunit Voltage- dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A Voltage- dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 Voltage- dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2 AMPA AMPA Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit zeta-1 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-3 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-2 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-4 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3B Vesicular glutamate transporter 1 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial Ca+ L-Glutamic acid Tizanidine cAMP L-Glutamic acid Ca+ Na+ L-Glutamic acid Ca+ Na+ Ca+ L-Glutamine H2O Ammonium ATP PPi Magnesium Depolarization axon width = 25 Spinal interneuron Exocytosis Glutamate is taken back up into the presynaptic neuron and recycled Glutamate is synthesized from glutamine and stored in synaptic vesicles at the nerve terminal Calcium ions in the cytosol is responsible for triggering the release of excitatory neurotransmitters like glutamate into the synapse Protein Kinase A Motor neuron NMDA and AMPA receptor activation leads to influx of positive ions in the post synaptic cell causing depolarization/ excitation. With less synaptic glutamate, less receptors are activated and the influx of cations is not enough for depolarization to occur Activation of alpha-2 adrenergic receptor activates the Gi signaling cascade which inhibits adenylyl cyclase and inactivates protein kinase A, thus decreasing calcium ion entry into the cell
ADRA2A ADCY9 PRKACA PRKACB PRKAR1A PRKACG PRKAR1B PRKAR2B PRKAR2A CACNA1A CACNB1 CACNA2D2 GRIA1 GRIA2 GRIN2A GRIN1 GRIN2C GRIN2B GRIN2D GRIN3A GRIN3B SLC17A7 SLC1A2 GLS Calcium L-Glutamic acid Tizanidine cAMP L-Glutamic acid Calcium Sodium L-Glutamic acid Calcium Sodium Calcium L-Glutamine Water Ammonium Adenosine triphosphate Pyrophosphate Depolarization
ADRA2A ADCY9 PRKACA PRKACB PRKAR1A PRKACG PRKAR1B PRKAR2B PRKAR2A CACNA1A CACNB1 CACNA2D2 GRIA1 GRIA2 GRIN2A GRIN1 GRIN2C GRIN2B GRIN2D GRIN3A GRIN3B SLC17A7 SLC1A2 GLS Ca+ Glu Tizanid cAMP Glu Ca+ Na+ Glu Ca+ Na+ Ca+ Gln H2O Ammon ATP PPi Mg2+ Depol axon width = 25 Spinal interneuron Exocytosis Glutamate is taken back up into the presynaptic neuron and recycled Glutamate is synthesized from glutamine and stored in synaptic vesicles at the nerve terminal Calcium ions in the cytosol is responsible for triggering the release of excitatory neurotransmitters like glutamate into the synapse Protein Kinase A Motor neuron NMDA and AMPA receptor activation leads to influx of positive ions in the post synaptic cell causing depolarization/ excitation. With less synaptic glutamate, less receptors are activated and the influx of cations is not enough for depolarization to occur Activation of alpha-2 adrenergic receptor activates the Gi signaling cascade which inhibits adenylyl cyclase and inactivates protein kinase A, thus decreasing calcium ion entry into the cell
ADRA2A ADCY9 PRKACA PRKACB PRKAR1A PRKACG PRKAR1B PRKAR2B PRKAR2A CACNA1A CACNB1 CACNA2D2 GRIA1 GRIA2 GRIN2A GRIN1 GRIN2C GRIN2B GRIN2D GRIN3A GRIN3B SLC17A7 SLC1A2 GLS Ca2+ Glu Tizanid cAMP Glu Ca2+ Na+ Glu Ca2+ Na+ Ca2+ Gln H2O Ammon ATP Ppi Depol