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Trace amine- associated receptor 1 Sodium- dependent noradrenaline transporter Amine oxidase [flavin- containing] A Beta-2 adrenergic receptor Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor Synaptic vesicular amine transporter Sodium- dependent noradrenaline transporter Synaptic vesicular amine transporter Synaptic vesicular amine transporter Aromatic-L- amino-acid decarboxylase Dopamine beta- hydroxylase Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring Catechol O- methyltransferase Phentermine Phentermine Norepinephrine Phentermine Phentermine Norepinephrine Norepinephrine Norepinephrine L-Dopa Dopamine CO2 Ascorbic acid O2 Dehydroascorbic acid H2O H2O O2 3,4- Dihydroxymandelaldehyde H2O2 NH3 L-Tyrosine Tetrahydrobiopterin O2 Dihydrobiopterin H2O NAD H2O 3,4- Dihydroxymandelic acid NADH H+ S- Adenosylmethionine Vanillylmandelic acid S- Adenosylhomocysteine FAD Magnesium Gs signaling cascade Gq signaling cascade Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate Fe2+ Pyrroloquinoline quinone Copper Reversal of transporter Presynaptic neuron Post synaptic neuron Synaptic vesicle Norepinephrine is synthesized from tyrosine and stored in presynaptic vesicles Phentermine enters the nerve terminal via the norepinephrine reuptake transporter Phentermine enters the synaptic vesicles through VMAT2 and displaces the norepinephrine in the vesicles causing norepinephrine to spew tout through VMAT2 into the cytosol There is a high synaptic concentration of norepinephrine due to the reversal of the reuptake transporter, the inhibition of norepinephrine metabolism and the inability to store norepinephrine in synaptic vesicles Synapse Cytosol Phentermine activates TAAR1 leading to the reversal of the norepinephrine reuptake transporter Cytosol Satiety Norepinephrine stimulates alpha-1 adrenergic receptors and beta-2 adrenergic receptors on post synaptic neurons, ultimately producing satiety/ decreasing hunger perception and decreasing food intake
TAAR1 SLC6A2 MAOA ADRB2 ADRA1A SLC18A2 SLC6A2 SLC18A2 SLC18A2 DDC DBH TH ALDH3A1 COMT Phentermine Phentermine Norepinephrine Phentermine Phentermine Norepinephrine Norepinephrine Norepinephrine L-Dopa Dopamine Carbon dioxide Ascorbic acid Oxygen Dehydroascorbic acid Water Water Oxygen 3,4- Dihydroxymandelaldehyde Hydrogen peroxide Ammonia L-Tyrosine Tetrahydrobiopterin Oxygen Dihydrobiopterin Water NAD Water 3,4- Dihydroxymandelic acid NADH Hydrogen Ion S- Adenosylmethionine Vanillylmandelic acid S- Adenosylhomocysteine Gs signaling cascade Gq signaling cascade
TAAR1 SLC6A2 MAOA ADRB2 ADRA1A SLC18A2 SLC6A2 SLC18A2 SLC18A2 DDC DBH TH ALDH3A1 COMT Fenterm Fenterm Norpp Fenterm Fenterm Norpp Norpp Norpp L-Dopa LDP CO2 VitC O2 DHAA H2O H2O O2 34DIHY H2O2 NH3 Tyr BH4 O2 BH3 H2O NAD H2O 34-DHMA NADH H+ SAMe VMA SAH FAD Mg2+ G s c Gq si c Pyr-5'P Fe2+ Pqq Cu Reversal of transporter Presynaptic neuron Post synaptic neuron Synaptic vesicle Norepinephrine is synthesized from tyrosine and stored in presynaptic vesicles Phentermine enters the nerve terminal via the norepinephrine reuptake transporter Phentermine enters the synaptic vesicles through VMAT2 and displaces the norepinephrine in the vesicles causing norepinephrine to spew tout through VMAT2 into the cytosol There is a high synaptic concentration of norepinephrine due to the reversal of the reuptake transporter, the inhibition of norepinephrine metabolism and the inability to store norepinephrine in synaptic vesicles Synapse Cytosol Phentermine activates TAAR1 leading to the reversal of the norepinephrine reuptake transporter Cytosol Satiety Norepinephrine stimulates alpha-1 adrenergic receptors and beta-2 adrenergic receptors on post synaptic neurons, ultimately producing satiety/ decreasing hunger perception and decreasing food intake
TAAR1 SLC6A2 MAOA ADRB2 ADRA1A SLC18A2 SLC6A2 SLC18A2 SLC18A2 DDC DBH TH ALDH3A1 COMT Fenterm Fenterm Norpp Fenterm Fenterm Norpp Norpp Norpp L-Dopa LDP CO2 VitC O2 DHAA H2O H2O O2 34DIHY H2O2 NH3 Tyr BH4 O2 BH3 H2O NAD H2O 34-DHMA NADH H+ SAMe VMA SAH G s c Gq si c