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The high concentration of
norepinephrine in the
synapse readily activates
alpha 1A and alpha 2A
receptors on myocytes
Inositol 1,4,5-
trisphosphate
receptor type 1
Protein kinase
C alpha type
Voltage-
dependent
P/Q-type
calcium channel
subunit
alpha-1A
Voltage-
dependent
L-type calcium
channel subunit
beta-1
Voltage-
dependent
calcium channel
subunit
alpha-2/delta-2
Myosin light
chain kinase,
smooth muscle
Alpha-1A
adrenergic
receptor
Gq protein
signaling
cascade
Sodium-
dependent
noradrenaline
transporter
Phospholipase C
Myosin LC-P
Myosin light
chain 3
Synaptic
vesicular amine
transporter
Voltage-
dependent
calcium channel
subunit
alpha-2/delta-1
Voltage-
dependent
calcium channel
subunit
alpha-2/delta-2
Voltage-
dependent
N-type calcium
channel subunit
alpha-1B
Calmodulin-1
Serine/threonine-
protein
phosphatase
PP1-beta
catalytic
subunit
Dopamine beta-
hydroxylase
Calmodulin-1
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Norepinephrine
Pseudoephedrine
Pseudoephedrine
Ca
+
Norepinephrine
Ca
+
Ca
+
Ca
+
Norepinephrine
Ca
+
Phosphatidylinositol
4,5-bisphosphate
Dopamine
Ascorbic acid
O
2
Dehydroascorbic acid
H
2
O
Pyrroloquinoline
quinone
Copper
Ca
+
Diacylglycerol
Muscle
Contraction
Muscle
Relaxation
Magnesium
Calcium
Calcium
Manganese
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Increased calcium binds
readily to calmodulin to
activate myosin light chain
kinase
There is an overall increase
in calcium levels in the
cytosol caused by the
activation of the Gq
signaling cascade
Cytosol
Myosin binds to actin
causing muscle contraction
Activation of myosin light
chain kinase leads to high
concentration of myosin LC-P
which causes contractions of
the muscles
Smooth Muscle Myocyte
Pseudoephedrine inhibits
sodium dependent
noradrenaline transporters
which prevents the reuptake
of norepinephrine into the
presynaptic neuron from the
synapse and causes an
accumulation of
norepinephrine in the
synapse.
Pseudoephedrine also
activates alpha adrenergic
receptors.
The muscle contractions
cause vasoconstriction which
leads to decongestion of the
nose and sinuses.
Myosin
Actin
Vasoconstriction
ITPR1
PRKCA
CACNA1A
CACNB1
CACNA2D2
MYLK
ADRA1A
GNAQ
SLC6A2
PLCB1
MYL3
MYL3
SLC18A2
CACNA2D1
CACNA2D2
CACNA1B
CALM1
PPP1CB
DBH
CALM1
Inositol 1,4,5-
trisphosphate
Norepinephrine
Pseudoephedrine
Pseudoephedrine
Calcium
Norepinephrine
Calcium
Calcium
Calcium
Norepinephrine
Calcium
Phosphatidylinositol
4,5-
bisphosphate
Dopamine
Ascorbic acid
Oxygen
Dehydroascorbic
acid
Water
Calcium
Diacylglycerol
Muscle
Contraction
Muscle
Relaxation