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Pathway Description
DOPA-Responsive Dystonia
Homo sapiens
Disease Pathway
Created: 2022-10-25
Last Updated: 2023-10-25
DOPA-Responsive Dystonia is a condition in which the muscles contract, experience tremors and uncontrolled movements (dystonia). Some cases are mild, while others can be severe. The beginning signs of this condition are dystonia in the legs, and clubfeet. The cause of this condition is usually a mutation in the GCH1 gene, but can sometimes be attributed to mutations in the TH or SPR genes. Tetrahydrobiopterin is an important compound in the production of neurotransmitters, specifically dopamine and serotonin, and the processing of quite a few amino acids, The mutation on GCH1 causes GTP cyclohydrase production to be reduced or absent which causes the first three steps of tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis to be compromised. The mutation on the SPR gene affects tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis by interfering with the production of sepiapterin reductase, which is needed to complete the final step of tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis. The TH gene mutation also affects dopamine production through the decreased function of an enzyme called tyrosine hydroxylase, which is responsible for converting tyrosine to dopamine. Dopamine is imperative in maintaining smooth muscle movements, which is why patients with DOPA-responive dystonia experience tremors and movement problems.
References
DOPA-Responsive Dystonia References
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Pubmed: 7698774
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