Engelke, U., van der Graaf, M., Heerschap, A., Hoenderop, S., Moolenaar, S., Morava, E., Wevers, R. Handbook of 1H-NMR spectroscopy in inborn errors of metabolism: body fluid NMR spectroscopy and in vivo MR spectroscopy (2nd ed) (2007) p.72 Heilbronn: SPS Verlagsgesellschaft

Baumgartner ER, Wick H, Linnell JC, Gaull GE, Bachmann C, Steinmann B: Congenital defect in intracellular cobalamin metabolism resulting in homocystinuria and methylmalonic aciduria. II. Biochemical investigations. Helv Paediatr Acta. 1979;34(5):483-96.

Lehninger, A.L. Lehninger principles of biochemistry (4th ed.) (2005). New York: W.H Freeman.

Salway, J.G. Metabolism at a glance (3rd ed.) (2004). Alden, Mass.: Blackwell Pub.

Bikker H, Bakker HD, Abeling NG, Poll-The BT, Kleijer WJ, Rosenblatt DS, Waterham HR, Wanders RJ, Duran M: A homozygous nonsense mutation in the methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase gene (MCEE) results in mild methylmalonic aciduria. Hum Mutat. 2006 Jul;27(7):640-3. doi: 10.1002/humu.20373.

Bobik TA, Rasche ME: Identification of the human methylmalonyl-CoA racemase gene based on the analysis of prokaryotic gene arrangements. Implications for decoding the human genome. J Biol Chem. 2001 Oct 5;276(40):37194-8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M107232200. Epub 2001 Jul 31.

Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Pepin KH, Minx P, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Kremitzki C, Oddy L, Du H, Sun H, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Carter J, Cordes M, Harris A, Isak A, van Brunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Abbott S, Armstrong J, Belter EA, Caruso L, Cedroni M, Cotton M, Davidson T, Desai A, Elliott G, Erb T, Fronick C, Gaige T, Haakenson W, Haglund K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Kim K, Kruchowski SS, Strong CM, Grewal N, Goyea E, Hou S, Levy A, Martinka S, Mead K, McLellan MD, Meyer R, Randall-Maher J, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Shah N, Swearengen-Shahid S, Snider J, Strong JT, Thompson J, Yoakum M, Leonard S, Pearman C, Trani L, Radionenko M, Waligorski JE, Wang C, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Maupin R, Latreille P, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Pohl C, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Berkowicz N, Nelson JO, Osborne J, Ding L, Meyer R, Sabo A, Shotland Y, Sinha P, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Jones TA, She X, Ciccarelli FD, Izaurralde E, Taylor J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Cox DR, Huang X, McPherson JD, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Warren WC, Chinwalla AT, Eddy SR, Marra MA, Ovcharenko I, Furey TS, Miller W, Eichler EE, Bork P, Suyama M, Torrents D, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. Nature. 2005 Apr 7;434(7034):724-31. doi: 10.1038/nature03466.

Nham SU, Wilkemeyer MF, Ledley FD: Structure of the human methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT) locus. Genomics. 1990 Dec;8(4):710-6.

Raff ML, Crane AM, Jansen R, Ledley FD, Rosenblatt DS: Genetic characterization of a MUT locus mutation discriminating heterogeneity in mut0 and mut- methylmalonic aciduria by interallelic complementation. J Clin Invest. 1991 Jan;87(1):203-7. doi: 10.1172/JCI114972.

Jansen R, Kalousek F, Fenton WA, Rosenberg LE, Ledley FD: Cloning of full-length methylmalonyl-CoA mutase from a cDNA library using the polymerase chain reaction. Genomics. 1989 Feb;4(2):198-205.

FitzPatrick DR, Hill A, Tolmie JL, Thorburn DR, Christodoulou J: The molecular basis of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency. Am J Hum Genet. 1999 Aug;65(2):318-26. doi: 10.1086/302492.

Sacksteder KA, Morrell JC, Wanders RJ, Matalon R, Gould SJ: MCD encodes peroxisomal and cytoplasmic forms of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase and is mutated in malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency. J Biol Chem. 1999 Aug 27;274(35):24461-8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.35.24461.

Gao J, Waber L, Bennett MJ, Gibson KM, Cohen JC: Cloning and mutational analysis of human malonyl-coenzyme A decarboxylase. J Lipid Res. 1999 Jan;40(1):178-82.

Abu-Elheiga L, Jayakumar A, Baldini A, Chirala SS, Wakil SJ: Human acetyl-CoA carboxylase: characterization, molecular cloning, and evidence for two isoforms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Apr 25;92(9):4011-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.9.4011.

Mao J, Chirala SS, Wakil SJ: Human acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 gene: presence of three promoters and heterogeneity at the 5'-untranslated mRNA region. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Jun 24;100(13):7515-20. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1332670100. Epub 2003 Jun 16.

Sinilnikova OM, Ginolhac SM, Magnard C, Leone M, Anczukow O, Hughes D, Moreau K, Thompson D, Coutanson C, Hall J, Romestaing P, Gerard JP, Bonadona V, Lasset C, Goldgar DE, Joulin V, Venezia ND, Lenoir GM: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha gene and breast cancer susceptibility. Carcinogenesis. 2004 Dec;25(12):2417-24. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgh273. Epub 2004 Aug 27.

Fukao T, Yamaguchi S, Kano M, Orii T, Fujiki Y, Osumi T, Hashimoto T: Molecular cloning and sequence of the complementary DNA encoding human mitochondrial acetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase and study of the variant enzymes in cultured fibroblasts from patients with 3-ketothiolase deficiency. J Clin Invest. 1990 Dec;86(6):2086-92. doi: 10.1172/JCI114946.

Kano M, Fukao T, Yamaguchi S, Orii T, Osumi T, Hashimoto T: Structure and expression of the human mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase-encoding gene. Gene. 1991 Dec 30;109(2):285-90. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(91)90623-j.

Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. doi: 10.1038/ng1285. Epub 2003 Dec 21.

Chambliss KL, Gray RG, Rylance G, Pollitt RJ, Gibson KM: Molecular characterization of methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2000 Jul;23(5):497-504.

Heilig R, Eckenberg R, Petit JL, Fonknechten N, Da Silva C, Cattolico L, Levy M, Barbe V, de Berardinis V, Ureta-Vidal A, Pelletier E, Vico V, Anthouard V, Rowen L, Madan A, Qin S, Sun H, Du H, Pepin K, Artiguenave F, Robert C, Cruaud C, Bruls T, Jaillon O, Friedlander L, Samson G, Brottier P, Cure S, Segurens B, Aniere F, Samain S, Crespeau H, Abbasi N, Aiach N, Boscus D, Dickhoff R, Dors M, Dubois I, Friedman C, Gouyvenoux M, James R, Madan A, Mairey-Estrada B, Mangenot S, Martins N, Menard M, Oztas S, Ratcliffe A, Shaffer T, Trask B, Vacherie B, Bellemere C, Belser C, Besnard-Gonnet M, Bartol-Mavel D, Boutard M, Briez-Silla S, Combette S, Dufosse-Laurent V, Ferron C, Lechaplais C, Louesse C, Muselet D, Magdelenat G, Pateau E, Petit E, Sirvain-Trukniewicz P, Trybou A, Vega-Czarny N, Bataille E, Bluet E, Bordelais I, Dubois M, Dumont C, Guerin T, Haffray S, Hammadi R, Muanga J, Pellouin V, Robert D, Wunderle E, Gauguet G, Roy A, Sainte-Marthe L, Verdier J, Verdier-Discala C, Hillier L, Fulton L, McPherson J, Matsuda F, Wilson R, Scarpelli C, Gyapay G, Wincker P, Saurin W, Quetier F, Waterston R, Hood L, Weissenbach J: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 14. Nature. 2003 Feb 6;421(6923):601-7. doi: 10.1038/nature01348. Epub 2003 Jan 1.

Osei YD, Churchich JE: Screening and sequence determination of a cDNA encoding the human brain 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase. Gene. 1995 Apr 3;155(2):185-7. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(94)00858-p.

Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. doi: 10.1101/gr.2596504.

Janssen U, Davis EM, Le Beau MM, Stoffel W: Human mitochondrial enoyl-CoA hydratase gene (ECHS1): structural organization and assignment to chromosome 10q26.2-q26.3. Genomics. 1997 Mar 15;40(3):470-5. doi: 10.1006/geno.1996.4597.

Peters H, Buck N, Wanders R, Ruiter J, Waterham H, Koster J, Yaplito-Lee J, Ferdinandusse S, Pitt J: ECHS1 mutations in Leigh disease: a new inborn error of metabolism affecting valine metabolism. Brain. 2014 Nov;137(Pt 11):2903-8. doi: 10.1093/brain/awu216. Epub 2014 Aug 14.

Haack TB, Jackson CB, Murayama K, Kremer LS, Schaller A, Kotzaeridou U, de Vries MC, Schottmann G, Santra S, Buchner B, Wieland T, Graf E, Freisinger P, Eggimann S, Ohtake A, Okazaki Y, Kohda M, Kishita Y, Tokuzawa Y, Sauer S, Memari Y, Kolb-Kokocinski A, Durbin R, Hasselmann O, Cremer K, Albrecht B, Wieczorek D, Engels H, Hahn D, Zink AM, Alston CL, Taylor RW, Rodenburg RJ, Trollmann R, Sperl W, Strom TM, Hoffmann GF, Mayr JA, Meitinger T, Bolognini R, Schuelke M, Nuoffer JM, Kolker S, Prokisch H, Klopstock T: Deficiency of ECHS1 causes mitochondrial encephalopathy with cardiac involvement. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2015 May;2(5):492-509. doi: 10.1002/acn3.189. Epub 2015 Mar 13.

Hawes JW, Jaskiewicz J, Shimomura Y, Huang B, Bunting J, Harper ET, Harris RA: Primary structure and tissue-specific expression of human beta-hydroxyisobutyryl-coenzyme A hydrolase. J Biol Chem. 1996 Oct 18;271(42):26430-4. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.42.26430.