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Pathway Description
Isobutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Homo sapiens
Disease Pathway
Created: 2022-11-18
Last Updated: 2023-10-25
Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, also called IBDD, is an extremely rare inherited inborn error of metabolism (IEM) of valine metabolism. It is an autosomal recessive disorder that is caused by a defective isobutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase. Approximately 30 people have been identified with this condition, although the frequency may be much higher since it is relatively asymptomatic. Isobutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase is a mitochondrial protein that belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family of enzymes. Its main function is to catalyze the dehydrogenation of acyl-CoA derivatives in the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids, specifically valine. This enzyme is responsible for the third step in the breakdown of valine and converts isobutyryl-CoA into methylacrylyl-CoA. Defects in the IBD enzyme function lead to elevated levels of valine in blood and other biofluids (valinemia). IBDD can be identified by elevated levels of C4-acylcarnitine via newborn screening. Most people with IBDD are asymptomatic. Some individuals with IBDD have developed features such as a weakened and enlarged heart (dilated cardiomyopathy), weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and developmental delay. This condition may also result in low numbers of red blood cells (anemia) and very low levels of carnitine in the blood, which is a compound that plays a role in converting certain foods into energy. Symptoms may be worsened by long periods of fasting or infections that increase the body's demand for energy. Treatment may include the use of L-carnitine supplements, frequent meals, and a low-valine diet.
References
Isobutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency References
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Pubmed: 12359132
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Pubmed: 21104317
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Pubmed: 22326532
Nobukuni Y, Mitsubuchi H, Endo F, Akaboshi I, Asaka J, Matsuda I: Maple syrup urine disease. Complete primary structure of the E1 beta subunit of human branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex deduced from the nucleotide sequence and a gene analysis of patients with this disease. J Clin Invest. 1990 Jul;86(1):242-7. doi: 10.1172/JCI114690.
Pubmed: 2365818
Chuang JL, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Maple syrup urine disease: the E1beta gene of human branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex has 11 rather than 10 exons, and the 3' UTR in one of the two E1beta mRNAs arises from intronic sequences. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 Jun;58(6):1373-7.
Pubmed: 8651316
Park HD, Lee DH, Hong YH, Kang DH, Lee YK, Song J, Lee SY, Kim JW, Ki CS, Lee YW: Three Korean patients with maple syrup urine disease: four novel mutations in the BCKDHA gene. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2011 Spring;41(2):167-73.
Pubmed: 21844576
McKean MC, Winkeler KA, Danner DJ: Nucleotide sequence of the 5' end including the initiation codon of cDNA for the E1 alpha subunit of the human branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992 Nov 15;1171(1):109-12. doi: 10.1016/0167-4781(92)90149-t.
Pubmed: 1420356
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Pubmed: 14702039
Feigenbaum AS, Robinson BH: The structure of the human dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase gene (DLD) and its upstream elements. Genomics. 1993 Aug;17(2):376-81. doi: 10.1006/geno.1993.1335.
Pubmed: 8406489
Otulakowski G, Robinson BH: Isolation and sequence determination of cDNA clones for porcine and human lipoamide dehydrogenase. Homology to other disulfide oxidoreductases. J Biol Chem. 1987 Dec 25;262(36):17313-8.
Pubmed: 3693355
Pons G, Raefsky-Estrin C, Carothers DJ, Pepin RA, Javed AA, Jesse BW, Ganapathi MK, Samols D, Patel MS: Cloning and cDNA sequence of the dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase component human alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Mar;85(5):1422-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.5.1422.
Pubmed: 3278312
Wang SP, Robert MF, Gibson KM, Wanders RJ, Mitchell GA: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA lyase (HL): mouse and human HL gene (HMGCL) cloning and detection of large gene deletions in two unrelated HL-deficient patients. Genomics. 1996 Apr 1;33(1):99-104. doi: 10.1006/geno.1996.0164.
Pubmed: 8617516
Mitchell GA, Robert MF, Hruz PW, Wang S, Fontaine G, Behnke CE, Mende-Mueller LM, Schappert K, Lee C, Gibson KM, Miziorko HM, et al.: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A lyase (HL). Cloning of human and chicken liver HL cDNAs and characterization of a mutation causing human HL deficiency. J Biol Chem. 1993 Feb 25;268(6):4376-81.
Pubmed: 8440722
Schuldiner O, Eden A, Ben-Yosef T, Yanuka O, Simchen G, Benvenisty N: ECA39, a conserved gene regulated by c-Myc in mice, is involved in G1/S cell cycle regulation in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Jul 9;93(14):7143-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.14.7143.
Pubmed: 8692959
Bechtel S, Rosenfelder H, Duda A, Schmidt CP, Ernst U, Wellenreuther R, Mehrle A, Schuster C, Bahr A, Blocker H, Heubner D, Hoerlein A, Michel G, Wedler H, Kohrer K, Ottenwalder B, Poustka A, Wiemann S, Schupp I: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium. BMC Genomics. 2007 Oct 31;8:399. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-399.
Pubmed: 17974005
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