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Pathway Description
Celiprolol B2-Adrenergic Vasodilation Action Pathway
Homo sapiens
Drug Action Pathway
Created: 2023-05-19
Last Updated: 2023-10-25
Celiprolol is a selective beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist and a beta-2 adrenergic receptor partial agonist that is used for the management of hypertension and angina pectoris. The beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist activity is attributed to this effect, by causing vasodilation and lowering the blood pressure through relaxation of vascular smooth muscles via the formation of cAMP. It lowers blood pressure in hypertensive patients at rest and on exercise. The effects on heart rate and cardiac output are dependent on the pre-existing background level of sympathetic tone. Under conditions of stress such as exercise, celiprolol attenuates chronotropic and inotropic responses to sympathetic stimulation. However, at rest minimal impairment of cardiac function is seen. Once celiprolol is administered and it binds to the beta-2 adrenergic receptor, the G protein signalling cascade begins. The alpha and beta/gamma subunits of the G protein separate and GDP is replaced with GTP on the alpha subunit. This alpha subunit then activates adenylyl cyclase which converts ATP to cAMP. cAMP then activates protein kinase A (PKA) which in turn phosphorylates targets and inhibits MLCK through decreased calcium levels causing muscle relaxation. PKA can phosphorylate certain Gq-coupled receptors as well as phospholipase C (PLC) and thereby inhibit G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) -PLC-mediated phosphoinositide (PI) generation, and thus calcium flux. PKA phosphorylates the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor to reduce its affinity for IP3 and further limit calcium mobilization. PKA phosphorylates myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and decreases its affinity to calcium calmodulin, thus reducing activity and myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation. PKA also phosphorylates KCa++ channels in ASM, increasing their open-state probability (and therefore K+ efflux) and promoting hyperpolarization. Since myosine light chain kinase is not activated, Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase continues to dephosphorylate myosin LC-P, and more cannot be synthesized so myosin remains unbound from actin causing muscle relaxation. This muscle relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle causes the blood vessels to dilate and allows for the lowering of blood pressure. Some side effects of using celiprolol can include headache, hot flushes, asthenia, and dizziness.
References
Celiprolol B2-Adrenergic Vasodilation Pathway References
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