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D(2) dopamine
receptor
Voltage-
dependent
P/Q-type
calcium channel
subunit
alpha-1A
Voltage-
dependent
L-type calcium
channel subunit
beta-1
Voltage-
dependent
calcium channel
subunit
alpha-2/delta-2
Sodium-
dependent
dopamine
transporter
Synaptic
vesicular amine
transporter
Aromatic-L-
amino-acid
decarboxylase
Tyrosine
3-monooxygenase
Guanine
nucleotide-
binding protein
G(s) subunit
alpha isoforms
short
Dopamine
Ca
+
Loxapine
Ca
+
Dopamine
Dopamine
Loxapine
L-Dopa
CO
2
L-Tyrosine
Tetrahydrobiopterin
O
2
Dihydrobiopterin
H
2
O
Na
+
Pyridoxal
5'-phosphate
GDP
Na
+
Gi signaling
cascade
Fe2+
Cytosol
Postsynaptic Neuron
Presynaptic Neuron
Cytosol
Synaptic Vesicle
Synapse
Loxapine is a D2 receptor
antagonist. It also acts on
D2 and 5HT2A receptors
↓ Positive, negative and
cognitive symptoms of
psychosis
Excess dopamine in the brain
triggers positive symptoms
of schizophrenia
Brain
Mesolimbic pathway
Blood vessel - blood brain
barrier
Loxapine is taken orally and
absorbed from the
gastrointestinal tract
passive diffusion
DRD2
CACNA1A
CACNB1
CACNA2D2
SLC6A3
SLC18A2
DDC
TH
GNAS
Dopamine
Calcium
Loxapine
Calcium
Dopamine
Dopamine
Loxapine
L-Dopa
Carbon dioxide
L-Tyrosine
Tetrahydrobiopterin
Oxygen
Dihydrobiopterin
Water
Sodium
Guanosine
diphosphate
Sodium
Gi signaling
cascade
DRD2
CACNA1A
CACNB1
CACNA2D2
SLC6A3
SLC18A2
DDC
TH
GNAS
LDP
Ca
+
Loxapin
Ca
+
LDP
LDP
Loxapin
L-Dopa
CO
2
Tyr
BH4
O
2
BH3
H
2
O
Na
+
Pyr-5'P
GDP
Na
+
Gi si c
Fe2+
Cytosol
Postsynaptic Neuron
Presynaptic Neuron
Cytosol
Synaptic Vesicle
Synapse
Loxapine is a D2 receptor
antagonist. It also acts on
D2 and 5HT2A receptors
↓ Positive, negative and
cognitive symptoms of
psychosis
Excess dopamine in the brain
triggers positive symptoms
of schizophrenia
Brain
Mesolimbic pathway
Blood vessel - blood brain
barrier
Loxapine is taken orally and
absorbed from the
gastrointestinal tract
passive diffusion