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Pathway Description
Ephedrine B1-Adrenergic Cardiac Muscle Constriction Action Pathway
Homo sapiens
Drug Action Pathway
Created: 2023-07-17
Last Updated: 2023-11-27
Ephedrine is an alpha and beta-adrenergic agonist indicated to treat hypotension under anesthesia, allergic conditions, bronchial asthma, and nasal congestion. It is administered as an intravenous injection, and can be found under the brand names Akovaz, Bronkaid, Corphedra, Emerphed, Primatene, and Rezipres. Ephedrine increases blood pressure by stimulating heart rate and cardiac output and variably increasing peripheral resistance. It causes bronchodilation due to the activation of beta-adrenergic receptors in the lungs. Ephedrine is a direct and indirect sympathomimetic amine. As a direct effect, ephedrine activates alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic receptors. Ephedrine acts as an agonist of alpha-1, beta-1 and beta-2-adrenergic receptors. The stimulation of alpha-1-adrenergic receptors causes the constriction of veins and a rise in blood pressure, the stimulation of beta-1-adrenergic receptors increases cardiac chronotropy and inotropy, and the stimulation of beta-2-adrenergic receptors causes vasodilation and bronchodilation. Through the beta-1 adrenergic receptor, the heart is stimulated by ephedrine. The ephedrine activates Beta-1 adrenergic receptor which is coupled to the G-protein signalling cascade. Activation of the receptor activates the cascade which leads to activated protein kinase through activation of adenylate cyclase. Protein kinase activates calcium channels in the membrane, causing the channels to open and allow Ca2+ into the cell. This causes a high concentration of Ca2+ to be present in the cardiomyocyte which activates activates the ryanodine receptor on the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This transports more Ca2+ into the cytosol. The high concentration of Ca2+ binds to troponin to cause cardiac muscle contractions and therefore, an increased heart rate. Some side effects of using ephedrine may include blurred vision, irregular heartbeat, headache, and tiredness.
References
Ephedrine B1-Adrenergic Cardiac Muscle Constriction Pathway References
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