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D(2) dopamine
receptor
Voltage-
dependent
P/Q-type
calcium channel
subunit
alpha-1A
Voltage-
dependent
L-type calcium
channel subunit
beta-1
Voltage-
dependent
calcium channel
subunit
alpha-2/delta-2
Sodium-
dependent
dopamine
transporter
Synaptic
vesicular amine
transporter
Aromatic-L-
amino-acid
decarboxylase
Tyrosine
3-monooxygenase
Dopamine
Ca
+
Flupentixol
Ca
+
Dopamine
Dopamine
Flupentixol
Flupentixol
L-Dopa
CO
2
L-Tyrosine
Tetrahydrobiopterin
O
2
Dihydrobiopterin
H
2
O
Na
+
Na
+
Pyridoxal
5'-phosphate
Gi signaling
cascade
Fe2+
Cytosol
Postsynaptic Neuron
Presynaptic Neuron
Cytosol
Synaptic Vesicle
Synapse
Flupentixol is a D1 and D2
receptor antagonist. D2
receptors in the mesolimbic
pathway are responsible for
producing the positive
symptoms in schizophrenia
↓ Positive, negative and
cognitive symptoms of
schizophrenia
Excess dopamine in the brain
triggers positive symptoms
of schizophrenia
Brain
Mesolimbic pathway
Blood vessel - blood brain
barrier
Passive Diffusion
other targets as an
antagonist are 5HT2A, 5HT2C,
D3 and D4, M1 and Alpha-1A
adrenergic receptors
Flupentixol is taken orally
DRD2
CACNA1A
CACNB1
CACNA2D2
SLC6A3
SLC18A2
DDC
TH
Dopamine
Calcium
Flupentixol
Calcium
Dopamine
Dopamine
Flupentixol
Flupentixol
L-Dopa
Carbon dioxide
L-Tyrosine
Tetrahydrobiopterin
Oxygen
Dihydrobiopterin
Water
Sodium
Sodium
Gi signaling
cascade
DRD2
CACNA1A
CACNB1
CACNA2D2
SLC6A3
SLC18A2
DDC
TH
LDP
Ca
+
Flupent
Ca
+
LDP
LDP
Flupent
Flupent
L-Dopa
CO
2
Tyr
BH4
O
2
BH3
H
2
O
Na
+
Na
+
Pyr-5'P
Gi si c
Fe2+
Cytosol
Postsynaptic Neuron
Presynaptic Neuron
Cytosol
Synaptic Vesicle
Synapse
Flupentixol is a D1 and D2
receptor antagonist. D2
receptors in the mesolimbic
pathway are responsible for
producing the positive
symptoms in schizophrenia
↓ Positive, negative and
cognitive symptoms of
schizophrenia
Excess dopamine in the brain
triggers positive symptoms
of schizophrenia
Brain
Mesolimbic pathway
Blood vessel - blood brain
barrier
Passive Diffusion
other targets as an
antagonist are 5HT2A, 5HT2C,
D3 and D4, M1 and Alpha-1A
adrenergic receptors
Flupentixol is taken orally