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Pathway Description
Progesterone Action Pathway
Homo sapiens
Drug Action Pathway
Created: 2023-07-20
Last Updated: 2023-11-27
Progesterone is a hormone naturally occurring in females. This molecule is essential for endometrial receptivity, embryo implantation, and the successful establishment of pregnancy. It is used as an oral drug as a contraceptive to prevent ovulation and fertilization in certain formulations, as well as a promoter/supporter of pregnancy in other formulations. Pharmaceutical progesterone is made from a plant source as a starting material and is chemically identical to progesterone of human ovarian origin. Progesterone binds its receptor (located both on the membrane and in the cytosol) which activates a signaling pathway resulting in a lower release of GnRH by the hypothalamus. The lower concentration of GnRH results in the transcription of less LH and FSH hormones by the pituitary gland. The overall effect is that the ovaries can't release an egg (no ovulation) and the cervical mucus thicken to be unfavorable for sperm penetration. This drug is administered as an oral tablet/capsule for contraception and as a vaginal gel/insert to maintain the pregnancy.
References
Progesterone Pathway References
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Pubmed: 3024157
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Pubmed: 3274893
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Pubmed: 2139411
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Pubmed: 9709959
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Harada N: Cloning of a complete cDNA encoding human aromatase: immunochemical identification and sequence analysis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1988 Oct 31;156(2):725-32. doi: 10.1016/s0006-291x(88)80903-3.
Pubmed: 2973313
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Pubmed: 3390233
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Pubmed: 2848247
Peltoketo H, Isomaa V, Maentausta O, Vihko R: Complete amino acid sequence of human placental 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deduced from cDNA. FEBS Lett. 1988 Oct 24;239(1):73-7. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(88)80548-9.
Pubmed: 2846351
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Pubmed: 2330005
Tang YM, Wo YY, Stewart J, Hawkins AL, Griffin CA, Sutter TR, Greenlee WF: Isolation and characterization of the human cytochrome P450 CYP1B1 gene. J Biol Chem. 1996 Nov 8;271(45):28324-30. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.45.28324.
Pubmed: 8910454
Jang HH, Kim SY, Kang JY, Park SH, Ryu SH, Ahn T, Yun CH: Increase of human CYP1B1 activities by acidic phospholipids and kinetic deuterium isotope effects on CYP1B1 substrate oxidation. J Biochem. 2012 Nov;152(5):433-42. doi: 10.1093/jb/mvs087. Epub 2012 Aug 9.
Pubmed: 22888116
Poon CH, Wong TY, Wang Y, Tsuchiya Y, Nakajima M, Yokoi T, Leung LK: The citrus flavanone naringenin suppresses CYP1B1 transactivation through antagonising xenobiotic-responsive element binding. Br J Nutr. 2013 May;109(9):1598-605. doi: 10.1017/S0007114512003595. Epub 2012 Aug 31.
Pubmed: 22935222
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