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D(2) dopamine
receptor
Voltage-
dependent
P/Q-type
calcium channel
subunit
alpha-1A
Voltage-
dependent
L-type calcium
channel subunit
beta-1
Voltage-
dependent
calcium channel
subunit
alpha-2/delta-2
Sodium-
dependent
dopamine
transporter
Synaptic
vesicular amine
transporter
Aromatic-L-
amino-acid
decarboxylase
Tyrosine
3-monooxygenase
Dopamine
Ca
+
Prochlorperazine
Ca
+
Dopamine
Dopamine
Prochlorperazine
Prochlorperazine
L-Dopa
CO
2
L-Tyrosine
Tetrahydrobiopterin
O
2
Dihydrobiopterin
H
2
O
Pyridoxal
5'-phosphate
GDP
Chemoreceptor trigger zone
vomiting reflex
Guanine
nucleotide-
binding protein
G(s) subunit
alpha isoforms
short
Fe2+
Cytosol
Postsynaptic Neuron
Presynaptic Neuron
Cytosol
Synaptic Vesicle
Synapse
Brain
Blood vessel
passive diffusion
dopamine receptors in the
chemoreceptor trigger zone
is stimulated to cause
nausea and vomiting
Prochlorperazine acts as an
antagonist to D2 receptors
present in the vagus nerves
from brain to gut
Vomiting centre (medulla)
Prochlorperazine blocks
dopamine receptors in the
chemoreceptor trigger zone
and reduces vomiting reflex
↓ nausea and vomiting
DRD2
CACNA1A
CACNB1
CACNA2D2
SLC6A3
SLC18A2
DDC
TH
Dopamine
Calcium
Prochlorperazine
Calcium
Dopamine
Dopamine
Prochlorperazine
Prochlorperazine
L-Dopa
Carbon dioxide
L-Tyrosine
Tetrahydrobiopterin
Oxygen
Dihydrobiopterin
Water
Guanosine
diphosphate
vomiting reflex
GNAS
DRD2
CACNA1A
CACNB1
CACNA2D2
SLC6A3
SLC18A2
DDC
TH
LDP
Ca
+
Chlorpe
Ca
+
LDP
LDP
Chlorpe
Chlorpe
L-Dopa
CO
2
Tyr
BH4
O
2
BH3
H
2
O
Pyr-5'P
GDP
Chemoreceptor trigger zone
vom ref
GNAS
Fe2+
Cytosol
Postsynaptic Neuron
Presynaptic Neuron
Cytosol
Synaptic Vesicle
Synapse
Brain
Blood vessel
passive diffusion
dopamine receptors in the
chemoreceptor trigger zone
is stimulated to cause
nausea and vomiting
Prochlorperazine acts as an
antagonist to D2 receptors
present in the vagus nerves
from brain to gut
Vomiting centre (medulla)
Prochlorperazine blocks
dopamine receptors in the
chemoreceptor trigger zone
and reduces vomiting reflex
↓ nausea and vomiting