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Nicotinic
Acetylcholine
Receptor
Nicotinic
Acetylcholine
Receptor
Voltage-
dependent
L-type calcium
channel subunit
alpha-1C
Myosin light
chain kinase
Choline O-
acetyltransferase
Myosin LC-P
Myosin light
chain 3
N-type calcium
channel
Vesicular
acetylcholine
transporter
High affinity
choline
transporter 1
Acetylcholinesterase
Calmodulin-1
Myosin light
chain
phosphatase
Ca
+
Acetylcholine
Na
+
Malathion
Ca
+
Choline
Choline
Na
+
Ca
+
Ca
+
Malathion
Malathion
Acetyl-CoA
Choline
CoA
H
2
O
Acetic acid
Manganese
Ca
+
Calmodulin-1
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine
Muscle
Contraction
Muscle
Relaxation
Magnesium
Presynaptic Neuron
Motor End Plate
2. An action potential
arrives at the nerve
terminal and stimulates the
opening of the calcium
channel, causing an influx
of calcium ions
1. Acetylcholine is
synthesized and stored in
synaptic vesicles at the
nerve terminal
3. Calcium ions stimulates
the release of
neurotransmitter
acetylcholine into the
synaptic cleft via
exocytosis
4. Acetylcholine in the
synaptic cleft activates
nicotinic receptors on the
post-synaptic membrane
7. Acetylcholine is broken
down by acetylcholinesterase
into choline and acetyl-coa
8. Choline is taken back up
into the nerve terminal and
recycled to create more
acetylcholine
5. The activated nicotinic
receptor stimulates sodium
ion influx, depolarizing the
cell
Vesicle
Malathion is applied
topically onto the head in
order to target the head
lice
Sacroplasmic Reticulum
6. Depolarization causes a
release of calcium from the
sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Calcium binds to calmodulin
that in turn activates
myosin light chain kinase.
Once phosphorylated starts
initiating muscle
contraction
Neuromuscular Junction
Malathion binds and inhibits
choline o-acetyltransferase,
increasing extracellular
levels of acetylcholine
Unknown
Unknown
CACNA1C
MYLK2
CHAT
MYL3
MYL3
CACNB1
SLC18A3
SLC5A7
ACHE
CALM1
PPP1CB
Calcium
Acetylcholine
Sodium
Malathion
Calcium
Choline
Choline
Sodium
Calcium
Calcium
Malathion
Malathion
Acetyl-CoA
Choline
Coenzyme A
Water
Acetic acid
Calcium
CALM1
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine
Muscle
Contraction
Muscle
Relaxation