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Pathway Description
Morphine Opioid Agonist Brain Action Pathway
Homo sapiens
Drug Action Pathway
Created: 2023-08-26
Last Updated: 2023-11-27
Morphine is an opioid agonist used for the relief of moderate to severe acute and chronic pain. Morphine can be administered orally as a capsule or tablet, intravenously, intrathecally, or as an epidural. Morphine-6-glucuronide, a metabolite of morphine, is responsible for approximately 85% of the response observed by morphine administration, however morphine may have greater analgesic efficacy.
Morphine binds on pre-synaptic mu opioid receptors. Opiate receptors are coupled with G-protein receptors and function as both positive and negative regulators of synaptic transmission via G-proteins that activate effector proteins. Binding of the opiate stimulates the exchange of GTP for GDP on the G-protein complex. As the effector system is adenylate cyclase and cAMP located at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, opioids decrease intracellular cAMP by inhibiting adenylate cyclase. Subsequently, the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as GABA is decreased.GABA inhibits dopamine receptors. GABA is unable to inhibit dopamine receptors in the reward pathway. This increases the activation of the reward pathway in the brain causing pleasure and addiction.
References
Morphine Opioid Agonist Brain Pathway References
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Pubmed: 16710414
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