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Pathway Description
The Oncogenic Action of D-2-Hydroxyglutarate in Hydroxyglutaric aciduria
Homo sapiens
Disease Pathway
Created: 2016-02-10
Last Updated: 2022-10-24
Hydroxyglutaric aciduria is a rare genetic disorder. Both isoforms are believed to have autosomal recessive inheritance. The compound 2-hydroxyglutarate is the product of gain-of-function mutations producing mutIDH1 and mutIDH2 in the cytosolic and mitochondrial isoforms of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). This compound is derived from the TCA cycle. The compound 2-hydroxyglutarate shares structural similarity with 2-oxogluratate (2OG) to inhibit a range of 2OG-dependent dioxygenases, including histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) and the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) hydroxylases. This results in modulations of HIF-mediated hypoxia responses and alterations in gene expression through global epigenetic remodelling that may contribute to malignant transformation. 2-Hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (D2HGDH) converts D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG) to α-ketoglutaric acid. The enzyme D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) catalyzes the NADH-dependent reduction of α-ketoglutarate (AKG) to D-2HG. D-2-Hydroxyglutarate is an oncometabolite produced from IDH mutations. A mutation in IDH causes high concentrations of D-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid. D-2-hydroxyglutarate is a competitive inhibitor of 2OG-dependent dioxygenases resulting in genetic changes and malignancies.
References
The Oncogenic Action of D-2-Hydroxyglutarate in Hydroxyglutaric aciduria References
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